US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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Tower_team:
PI:	Tilden Meyers Tilden.Meyers@noaa.gov - NOAA/ARL
Lat, Long:	35.9588, -84.2874
Elevation(m):	283
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux
Vegetation IGBP:	DBF (Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.)
Climate Koeppen:	Cfa (Humid Subtropical: mild with no dry season, hot summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	13.71
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	1372.05
Flux Species Measured:	CO2
Years Data Collected:	1995 - 1999
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 1995 - 2007 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux Legacy Policy
Description:	... The stand is over 50 years old, having regenerated from agricultural land.This site is located near Oak Ridge, Tennessee near the Walker Branch Watershed. See More Show Less
URL:	http://www.arl.noaa.gov/research/programs/ase.html
Research Topics:	1) Use micrometeorological methods to quantify the seasonal and annual exchange of carbon dioxide by a temperature deciduous forest, an ecosystem of global ... 1) Use micrometeorological methods to quantify the seasonal and annual exchange of carbon dioxide by a temperature deciduous forest, an ecosystem of global significance; 2) Quantify relative measured intra- and interannual variations in ecosystems. See More Show Less
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US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-WBW data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux Legacy Policy

AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246109
Citation: Tilden Meyers (2016), AmeriFlux BASE US-WBW Walker Branch Watershed, Ver. 2-1, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246109

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

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US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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MODIS NDVI

The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality

To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.

For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

Citation:

ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567

Read more on how to cite these MODIS products. Data come from NASA’s MODIS instruments installed on satellites Terra and Aqua, which scan the entire Earth’s surface every one to two days.

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For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .

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GeoNEX Data Products

GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.

The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.

GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-WBW, 35.9588, -84.2874.

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NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

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NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

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DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

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LST: Land Surface Temperature

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Citation

This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.

Subset Data Citation:

Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.

Relevant Science Publication Citation:

GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)

Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.

GeoNEX Surface Downward Solar Radiation (DSR):

Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.

GeoNEX Land Surface Temperature (LST):

Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.

US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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Search Publications for this Site Publications Found: 70

AmeriFlux Publications

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Year	Publication
2021	Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2018	Helliker, B. R., Song, X., Goulden, M. L., Clark, K., Bolstad, P., Munger, J. W., Chen, J., Noormets, A., Hollinger, D., Wofsy, S., Martin, T., Baldocchi, D., Euskirchenn, E., Desai, A., Burns, S. P. (2018) Assessing The Interplay Between Canopy Energy Balance And Photosynthesis With Cellulose δ18o: Large-Scale Patterns And Independent Ground-Truthing, Oecologia, . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4198-z
2018	Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
2016	Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2015	Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010
2012	Wharton, S., Falk, M., Bible, K., Schroeder, M., Paw U, K.T. (2012) Old-Growth CO2 Flux Measurements Reveal High Sensitivity To Climate Anomalies Across Seasonal, Annual And Decadal Time Scales, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 161, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.007
2008	Gu, L., Hanson, P. J., Post, W. M., Kaiser, D. P., Yang, B., Nemani, R., Pallardy, S. G., Meyers, T. (2008) The 2007 Eastern Us Spring Freeze: Increased Cold Damage In A Warming World?, Bioscience, 58(3), 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580311
2005	Hanson, P. J., Wullschleger, S. D., Norby, R. J., Tschaplinski, T. J., Gunderson, C. A. (2005) Importance Of Changing CO2, Temperature, Precipitation, And Ozone On Carbon And Water Cycles Of An Upland-Oak Forest: Incorporating Experimental Results Into Model Simulations, Global Change Biology, 11(9), 1402-1423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00991.x
2004	Matamala, R., Gonzalez-Meler, M. A., Jastrow, J. D., Norby, R. J., Schlesinger, W. H. (2004) Response To Comment On "Impacts Of Fine Root Turnover On Forest NPP And Soil C Sequestration Potential", Science, 304(5678), 1745d-1745d. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1099340
2004	Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., Gower, S. T. (2004) A Global Relationship Between The Heterotrophic And Autotrophic Components Of Soil Respiration?, Global Change Biology, 10(10), 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00816.x
2004	Yi, C., Li, R., Bakwin, P. S., Desai, A., Ricciuto, D. M., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Wilson, K., Monson, R. K. (2004) A Nonparametric Method For Separating Photosynthesis And Respiration Components In CO2 Flux Measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 31(17), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020490
2004	Gu, L., Post, W. M., King, A. W. (2004) Fast Labile Carbon Turnover Obscures Sensitivity Of Heterotrophic Respiration From Soil To Temperature: A Model Analysis, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(1), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002119
2004	Hui, D., Wan, S., Su, B., Katul, G., Monson, R., Luo, Y. (2004) Gap-Filling Missing Data In Eddy Covariance Measurements Using Multiple Imputation (MI) For Annual Estimations, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 121(1-2), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(03)00158-8
2003	McLaughlin, S. B., Wullschleger, S. D., Nosal, M. (2003) Diurnal And Seasonal Changes In Stem Increment And Water Use By Yellow Poplar Trees In Response To Environmental Stress, Tree Physiology, 23(16), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.16.1125
2003	Baldocchi, D. D., Bowling, D. R. (2003) Modelling The Discrimination Of 13CO2 Above And Within A Temperate Broad-Leaved Forest Canopy On Hourly To Seasonal Time Scales, Plant, Cell And Environment, 26(2), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00953.x
2003	Matamala, R., Gonzalez-Meler, M. A., Jastrow, J. D., Norby, R. J., Schlesinger, W. H. (2003) Impacts Of Fine Root Turnover On Forest NPP And Soil C Sequestration Potential, Science, 302(5649), 1385-1387. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089543
2002	Baldocchi, D. D., Wilson, K. B., Gu, L. (2002) How The Environment, Canopy Structure And Canopy Physiological Functioning Influence Carbon, Water And Energy Fluxes Of A Temperate Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forest–An Assessment With The Biophysical Model CANOAK, Tree Physiology, 22(15-16), 1065-1077. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.15-16.1065
2002	Davidson, E., Savage, K., Bolstad, P., Clark, D., Curtis, P., Ellsworth, D., Hanson, P., Law, B., Luo, Y., Pregitzer, K., Randolph, J., Zak, D. (2002) Belowground Carbon Allocation In Forests Estimated From Litterfall And IRGA-Based Soil Respiration Measurements, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 113(1-4), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00101-6
2001	Baldocchi, D. D., Wilson, K. B. (2001) Modeling CO2 And Water Vapor Exchange Of A Temperate Broadleaved Forest Across Hourly To Decadal Time Scales, Ecological Modelling, 142(1-2), 155-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(01)00287-3
2001	Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Wilson, K. (2001) A Spectral Analysis Of Biosphere–Atmosphere Trace Gas Flux Densities And Meteorological Variables Across Hour To Multi-Year Time Scales, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 107(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00228-8
2001	Hanson, P. J., Todd, D. E., Amthor, J. S. (2001) A Six-Year Study Of Sapling And Large-Tree Growth And Mortality Responses To Natural And Induced Variability In Precipitation And Throughfall, Tree Physiology, 21(6), 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.6.345
2001	Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Hanson, P. J. (2001) Leaf Age Affects The Seasonal Pattern Of Photosynthetic Capacityand Net Ecosystem Exchange Of Carbon In A Deciduous Forest, Plant, Cell And Environment, 24(6), 571-583. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00706.x
2001	Wilson, K. B., Hanson, P. J., Mulholland, P. J., Baldocchi, D. D., Wullschleger, S. D. (2001) A Comparison Of Methods For Determining Forest Evapotranspiration And Its Components: Sap-Flow, Soil Water Budget, Eddy Covariance And Catchment Water Balance, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 106(2), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00199-4
2001	Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D. (2001) Comparing Independent Estimates Of Carbon Dioxide Exchange Over 5 Years At A Deciduous Forest In The Southeastern United States, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 106(D24), 34167-34178. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000624
2000	Wilson, K. B., Hanson, P. J., Baldocchi, D. D. (2000) Factors Controlling Evaporation And Energy Partitioning Beneath A Deciduous Forest Over An Annual Cycle, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 102(2-3), 83-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00124-6
2000	Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D. (2000) Seasonal And Interannual Variability Of Energy Fluxes Over A Broadleaved Temperate Deciduous Forest In North America, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 100(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(99)00088-x
2000	Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Hanson, P. J. (2000) Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Photosynthetic Parameters And Their Relationship To Leaf Nitrogen In A Deciduous Forest, Tree Physiology, 20(9), 565-578. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.9.565
1999	Malhi, Y., Baldocchi, D. D., Jarvis, P. G. (1999) The Carbon Balance Of Tropical, Temperate And Boreal Forests, Plant, Cell And Environment, 22(6), 715-740. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00453.x
1999	Bowling, D. R., Baldocchi, D. D., Monson, R. K. (1999) Dynamics Of Isotopic Exchange Of Carbon Dioxide In A Tennessee Deciduous Forest, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13(4), 903-922. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gb900072
1998	Bowling, D. R., Turnipseed, A. A., Delany, A. C., Baldocchi, D. D., Greenberg, J. P., Monson, R. K. (1998) The Use Of Relaxed Eddy Accumulation To Measure Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange Of Isoprene And Other Biological Trace Gases, Oecologia, 116(3), 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050592
1998	Baldocchi, D., Meyers, T. (1998) On Using Eco-Physiological, Micrometeorological And Biogeochemical Theory To Evaluate Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor And Trace Gas Fluxes Over Vegetation: A Perspective, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 90(1-2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(97)00072-5
1997	Harley, P., Guenther, A., Zimmerman, P. (1997) Environmental Controls Over Isoprene Emission In Deciduous Oak Canopies, Tree Physiology, 17(11), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/17.11.705
1997	Baldocchi, D. (1997) Measuring And Modelling Carbon Dioxide And Water Vapour Exchange Over A Temperate Broad-Leaved Forest During The 1995 Summer Drought, Plant, Cell And Environment, 20(9), 1108-1122. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-147.x
1996	Greco, S., Baldocchi, D. D. (1996) Seasonal Variations Of CO2 And Water Vapour Exchange Rates Over A Temperate Deciduous Forest, Global Change Biology, 2(3), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00071.x
1996	Baldocchi, D. D., Vogel, C. A. (1996) Energy And CO2 Flux Densities Above And Below A Temperate Broad-Leaved Forest And A Boreal Pine Forest, Tree Physiology, 16(1-2), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.1-2.5
1995	Baldocchi, D. D., Harley, P. C. (1995) Scaling Carbon Dioxide And Water Vapour Exchange From Leaf To Canopy In A Deciduous Forest. II. Model Testing And Application, Plant, Cell And Environment, 18(10), 1157-1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00626.x
1995	Harley, P. C., Baldocchi, D. D. (1995) Scaling Carbon Dioxide And Water Vapour Exchange From Leaf To Canopy In A Deciduous Forest. I. Leaf Model Parametrization, Plant, Cell And Environment, 18(10), 1146-1156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00625.x
1991	Baldocchi, D. D., Meyers, T. P. (1991) Trace Gas Exchange Above The Floor Of A Deciduous Forest: 1. Evaporation And CO2 Efflux, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 96(D4), 7271-7285. https://doi.org/10.1029/91jd00269
1991	Chason, J. Huston, M. D. D. Baldocchi (1991) A comparison of direct and indirect methods for estimating forest canopy leaf area, Agricultural Forest Meteorology, 57, 107-128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90081-Z
1989	Wang, H., Baldocchi, D. D. (1989) A Numerical Model For Simulating The Radiation Regime Within A Deciduous Forest Canopy, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 46(4), 313-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(89)90034-8
1989	Hicks, B. B., Matt, D. R., McMillen, R. T., Womack, J. D., Wesely, M. L., Hart, R. L., Cook, D. R., Lindberg, S. E., Depena, R. G., Thomson, D. W. (1989) A Field Investigation Of Sulfate Fluxes To A Deciduous Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 94(D10), 13003-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/jd094id10p13003
1989	Baldocchi, D. D. (1989) Turbulent Transfer In A Deciduous Forest, Tree Physiology, 5(3), 357-377. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/5.3.357
1988	Baldocchi, D. D., Hicks, B. B., Meyers, T. P. (1988) Measuring Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchanges Of Biologically Related Gases With Micrometeorological Methods, Ecology, 69(5), 1331-1340. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941631
1988	Baldocchi, D. D., Meyers, T. P. (1988) Turbulence Structure In A Deciduous Forest, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 43(4), 345-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00121712
1988	Baldocchi, D. D., Meyers, T. P. (1988) A Spectral And Lag-Correlation Analysis Of Turbulence In A Deciduous Forest Canopy, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 45(1-2), 31-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00120814
1987	Baldocchi, D. D., Hicks, B. B., Camara, P. (1987) A Canopy Stomatal Resistance Model For Gaseous Deposition To Vegetated Surfaces, Atmospheric Environment, 21(1), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90274-5
1986	Baldocchi, D., Hutchison, B., Matt, D., McMillen, R. (1986) Seasonal Variation In The Statistics Of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Penetration In An Oak-Hickory Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 36(4), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(86)90013-4
1986	Hutchison, B. A., Matt, D. R., McMillen, R. T., Gross, L. J., Tajchman, S. J., Norman, J. M. (1986) The Architecture Of A Deciduous Forest Canopy In Eastern Tennessee, U.S.A., The Journal Of Ecology, 74(3), 635-676. https://doi.org/10.2307/2260387
1986	Baldocchi, D. D., Hutchison, B. A. (1986) On Estimating Canopy Photosynthesis And Stomatal Conductance In A Deciduous Forest With Clumped Foliage, Tree Physiology, 2(1-2-3), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/2.1-2-3.155
1986	Verma, S. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Anderson, D. E., Matt, D. R., Clement, R. J. (1986) Eddy Fluxes Of CO2, Water Vapor, And Sensible Heat Over A Deciduous Forest, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 36(1-2), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00117459
1986	Balick, L., Hutchinson, B. (1986) Directional Thermal Infrared Exitance Distributions From A Leafless Deciduous Forest, IEEE Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing, GE-24(5), 693-698. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1986.289616
1986	Baldocchi, D. D., Verma, S. B., Matt, D. R., Anderson, D. E. (1986) Eddy-Correlation Measurements Of Carbon Dioxide Efflux From The Floor Of A Deciduous Forest, The Journal Of Applied Ecology, 23(3), 967-977. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403948
1985	Baldocchi, D. D., Hutchison, B. A., Matt, D. R., McMillen, R. T. (1985) Canopy Radiative Transfer Models For Spherical And Known Leaf Inclination Angle Distributions: A Test In An Oak-Hickory Forest, The Journal Of Applied Ecology, 22(2), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403184
1984	Baldocchi, D., Matt, D., Hutchison, B., Mcmillen, R. (1984) Solar Radiation Within An Oak—Hickory Forest: An Evaluation Of The Extinction Coefficients For Several Radiation Components During Fully-Leafed And Leafless Periods, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 32(3-4), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(84)90056-x
1984	Baldocchi, D., Hutchison, B., Matt, D., McMillen, R. (1984) Seasonal Variations In The Radiation Regime Within An Oak-Hickory Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 33(2-3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(84)90069-8
1983	Luxmoore, R. J. (1983) Water Budget Of An Eastern Deciduous Forest Stand, Soil Science Society Of America Journal, 47(4), 785-791. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040034x
1983	Richter, D. D., Johnson, D. W., Todd, D. E. (1983) Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition, Neutralization, And Ion Leaching In Two Deciduous Forest Ecosystems, Journal Of Environment Quality, 12(2), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1983.00472425001200020023x
1982	Lindberg, S. E., Harriss, R. C., Turner, R. R. (1982) Atmospheric Deposition Of Metals To Forest Vegetation, Science, 215(4540), 1609-1611. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.215.4540.1609
1981	Luxmoore, R. J., Grizzard, T., Patterson, M. R. (1981) Hydraulic Properties Of Fullerton Cherty Silt Loam, Soil Science Society Of America Journal, 45(4), 692-698. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500040004x
1981	Lindberg, S. E., Harriss, R. C. (1981) The Role Of Atmospheric Deposition In An Eastern U.S. Deciduous Forest, Water, Air, And Soil Pollution, 16(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01047039
1980	Hoffman, W. A., Lindberg, S. E., Turner, R. R. (1980) Precipitation Acidity: The Role Of The Forest Canopy In Acid Exchange, Journal Of Environment Quality, 9(1), 95-100. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900010022x
1980	Hoffman, W. A., Lindberg, S. E., Turner, R. R. (1980) Some Observations Of Organic Constituents In Rain Above And Below A Forest Canopy, Environmental Science & Technology, 14(8), 999-1002. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60168a009
1980	Hutchison, B., Matt, D., McMillen, R. (1980) Effects Of Sky Brightness Distribution Upon Penetration Of Diffuse Radiation Through Canopy Gaps In A Deciduous Forest, Agricultural Meteorology, 22(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(80)90040-0
1977	Henderson, G. S., Harris, W. F., Todd, D. E., Grizzard, T. (1977) Quantity And Chemistry Of Throughfall As Influenced By Forest-Type And Season, The Journal Of Ecology, 65(2), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259488
1977	Cushman, R. M., Elwood, J. W., Hildebrand, S. G. (1977) Life History And Production Dynamics Of Alloperla Mediana And Diplectrona Modesta In Walker Branch, Tennessee, American Midland Naturalist, 98(2), 354-364. https://doi.org/10.2307/2424986
1977	Edwards, N. T., Harris, W. F. (1977) Carbon Cycling In A Mixed Deciduous Forest Floor, Ecology, 58(2), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.2307/1935618
1977	Andren, A. W., Lindberg, S. E. (1977) Atmospheric Input And Origin Of Selected Elements In Walker Branch Watershed, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Water, Air, And Soil Pollution, 8(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00294043
1975	Lindberg, S.E., Andren, A.W., Raridon, R.J., Fulkerson, W. (1975) Mass Balance Of Trace Elements In Walker Branch Watershed: Relation To Coal-Fired Steam Plants, Environmental Health Perspectives, 12, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.75129
1975	Grigal, D. F., Grizzard, T. (1975) Analysis Of Litterfall In A Deciduous Forest On Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee: Data Stratification By Two Alternative Methods, American Midland Naturalist, 94(2), 361-369. https://doi.org/10.2307/2424432
1971	Grigal, D. F., Goldstein, R. A. (1971) An Integrated Ordination-Classification Analysis Of An Intensively Sampled Oak-Hickory Forest, The Journal Of Ecology, 59(2), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.2307/2258326

US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

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BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

Download BADM for this site^*

View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)^*

Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship

Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)

More BADM resources

^* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-WBW: Walker Branch Watershed

Overview
Windroses
Data Citation
Data Use Log
Image Gallery
Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
- GeoNEX
Publications
BADM

Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.

Image scale: 822m x 822m

Image scale: 1643m x 1643m

Data Collected: 1995 - 2007

Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

Wind Speed (m/s)

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Annual Annual Average

Mar-Jun 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Jun-Sep 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Sep-Dec 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Dec-Mar 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Graph Type

Wind Speed Scale

Wind Direction Scale (%)

Show Satellite Image

Show Wind Rose

Annual Average

About Ameriflux Wind Roses

Wind Rose Explanation

A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles

Utility

This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.

Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.

Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.

Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.

Where do these data come from?

The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.

Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses

To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site

To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux

Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm

Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am

Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm

Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am

Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm

Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am

Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm

Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am