US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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Tower_team:
PI:	Aimee Classen aclassen@umich.edu - University of Michigan
PI:	Christopher Gough cmgough@vcu.edu - Virginia Commonwealth University
PI:	Gil Bohrer bohrer.17@osu.edu - Ohio State University
DataManager:	John Lenters jlenters@umich.edu - University of Michigan
Lat, Long:	45.5625, -84.6975
Elevation(m):	239
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP:	DBF (Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.)
Climate Koeppen:	Dfb (Warm Summer Continental: significant precipitation in all seasons )
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	5.83
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	803
Flux Species Measured:	H, H2O, CO2
Years Data Collected:	2007 - Present
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 2007 - 2025 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2007 - 2023 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy¹
Description:	The UMBS Disturbance site is an artificial disturbance site that has recently been created as part of the Forest Accelerate Succession ExperimenT (FASET). ... The UMBS Disturbance site is an artificial disturbance site that has recently been created as part of the Forest Accelerate Succession ExperimenT (FASET). In Spring 2008, every aspen and birch tree (>6,700, ~35% canopy LAI), the dominant early successional trees, were girdled over 39 ha of the FASET treatment plot to stimulate a disturbance that will move the forest into a later successional stage, dominated by maples, oaks, and white pine. This treatment caused aspen and birch mortality within 2 - 3 years. As a result of the changed canopy structure, there is a divergence in net ecosystem exchange between the control plot (enhanced carbon uptake) and the treatment plot (reduced carbon uptake). See More Show Less
URL:	http://flux.org.ohio-state.edu/
Research Topics:	The research objectives of the University of Michigan Biological Station are to address questions of ecosystem/atmosphere linkages that are general in ... The research objectives of the University of Michigan Biological Station are to address questions of ecosystem/atmosphere linkages that are general in nature and which will contribute to large-scale carbon cycle modeling efforts, and to test hypotheses specific to the upper Great Lakes forest ecosystems that will further understanding of productivity controls over these regionally important communities. The research focus at the UMBS Disturbance site is to examine carbon cycling processes following the transition from aspen dominated ecosystems to those of later-successional species with biologically and structurally more complex canopies. See More Show Less
Acknowledgment:	—

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US-UMd

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Image Credit: Christopher Gough, 07/01/2012
Copyright preference: Open use

Site Publication More Site Publications

Gough, C. M., Hardiman, B. S., Nave, L. E., Bohrer, G., Maurer, K. D., Vogel, C. S., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Curtis, P. S. 2013. Sustained Carbon Uptake And Storage Following Moderate Disturbance In A Great Lakes Forest, Ecological Applications, 23:5, 1202-1215.

Year	Publication
2025	Nave, L. E., Gough, C. M., Clay, C., Santos, F., Atkins, J. W., Benjamins‐Carey, S. E., Bohrer, G., Castillo, B. T., Fahey, R. T., Hardiman, B. S., Hofmeister, K. L., Ivanov, V. Y., Kalejs, J., Matheny, A. M., Menna, A. C., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Propson, B. E., Schubel, A. T., Tallant, J. M. (2025) Carbon Cycling Across Ecosystem Succession In A North Temperate Forest: Controls And Management Implications, Ecological Applications, 35(1), . https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70001
2021	Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2020	Xu, B., Arain, M. A., Black, T. A., Law, B. E., Pastorello, G. Z., Chu, H. (2020) Seasonal Variability Of Forest Sensitivity To Heat And Drought Stresses: A Synthesis Based On Carbon Fluxes From North American Forest Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 26(2), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14843
2019	Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
2019	Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
2018	Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
2018	Atkins, J. W., Bohrer, G., Fahey, R. T., Hardiman, B. S., Morin, T. H., Stovall, A. E., Zimmerman, N., Gough, C. M. (2018) Quantifying Vegetation And Canopy Structural Complexity From Terrestrial Lidar Data Using The Forestr R Package, Methods In Ecology And Evolution, 9(10), 2057-2066. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13061
2018	Fotis, A. T., Morin, T. H., Fahey, R. T., Hardiman, B. S., Bohrer, G., Curtis, P. S. (2018) Forest Structure In Space And Time: Biotic And Abiotic Determinants Of Canopy Complexity And Their Effects On Net Primary Productivity, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 250-251, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.251
2018	Atkins, J. W., Fahey, R. T., Hardiman, B. H., Gough, C. M. (2018) Forest Canopy Structural Complexity And Light Absorption Relationships At The Subcontinental Scale, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(4), 1387-1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004256
2018	Bond-Lamberty, B., Bailey, V. L., Chen, M., Gough, C. M., Vargas, R. (2018) Globally Rising Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Over Recent Decades, Nature, 560(7716), 80-83. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0358-x
2018	Curtis, P. S., Gough, C. M. (2018) Forest Aging, Disturbance And The Carbon Cycle, New Phytologist, 219(4), 1188-1193. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15227
2018	Hardiman, B., LaRue, E., Atkins, J., Fahey, R., Wagner, F., Gough, C. (2018) Spatial Variation In Canopy Structure Across Forest Landscapes, Forests, 9(8), 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080474
2018	LaRue, E. A., Atkins, J. W., Dahlin, K., Fahey, R., Fei, S., Gough, C., Hardiman, B. S. (2018) Linking Landsat To Terrestrial Lidar: Vegetation Metrics Of Forest Greenness Are Correlated With Canopy Structural Complexity, International Journal Of Applied Earth Observation And Geoinformation, 73, 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.07.001
2018	Sagara, B., Fahey, R., Vogel, C., Fotis, A., Curtis, P., Gough, C. (2018) Moderate Disturbance Has Similar Effects On Production Regardless Of Site Quality And Composition, Forests, 9(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9020070
2018	Stuart-Haëntjens, E., De Boeck, H. J., Lemoine, N. P., Mänd, P., Kröel-Dulay, G., Schmidt, I. K., Jentsch, A., Stampfli, A., Anderegg, W. R., Bahn, M., Kreyling, J., Wohlgemuth, T., Lloret, F., Classen, A. T., Gough, C. M., Smith, M. D. (2018) Mean Annual Precipitation Predicts Primary Production Resistance And Resilience To Extreme Drought, Science Of The Total Environment, 636, 360-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.290
2017	Matheny, A. M., Garrity, S. R., Bohrer, G. (2017) The Calibration And Use Of Capacitance Sensors To Monitor Stem Water Content In Trees, Journal Of Visualized Experiments, (130), . https://doi.org/10.3791/57062
2017	Matheny, A. M., Mirfenderesgi, G., Bohrer, G. (2017) Trait-Based Representation Of Hydrological Functional Properties Of Plants In Weather And Ecosystem Models, Plant Diversity, 39(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.10.001
2016	Fahey, R. T., Stuart-Haëntjens, E. J., Gough, C. M., De La Cruz, A., Stockton, E., Vogel, C. S., Curtis, P. S. (2016) Evaluating Forest Subcanopy Response To Moderate Severity Disturbance And Contribution To Ecosystem-Level Productivity And Resilience, Forest Ecology And Management, 376, 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.001
2016	Gough, C. M., Curtis, P. S., Hardiman, B. S., Scheuermann, C. M., Bond‐Lamberty, B. (2016) Disturbance, Complexity, And Succession Of Net Ecosystem Production In North America’S Temperate Deciduous Forests, Ecosphere, 7(6), . https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1375
2016	Schmid, A. V., Vogel, C. S., Liebman, E., Curtis, P. S., Gough, C. M. (2016) Coarse Woody Debris And The Carbon Balance Of A Moderately Disturbed Forest, Forest Ecology And Management, 361, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.001
2015	Toomey, M., Friedl, M. A., Frolking, S., Hufkens, K., Klosterman, S., Sonnentag, O., Baldocchi, D. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Biraud, S. C., Bohrer, G., Brzostek, E., Burns, S. P., Coursolle, C., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Pallardy, S., Phillips, R. P., Torn, M. S., Wharton, S., Zeri, M., Richardson, A. D. (2015) Greenness Indices From Digital Cameras Predict The Timing And Seasonal Dynamics Of Canopy-Scale Photosynthesis, Ecological Applications, 25(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1
2015	Frasson, R. P., Bohrer, G., Medvigy, D., Matheny, A. M., Morin, T. H., Vogel, C. S., Gough, C. M., Maurer, K. D., Curtis, P. S. (2015) Modeling Forest Carbon Cycle Response To Tree Mortality: Effects Of Plant Functional Type And Disturbance Intensity, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120(11), 2178-2193. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003035
2015	Stuart-Haëntjens, E. J., Curtis, P. S., Fahey, R. T., Vogel, C. S., Gough, C. M. (2015) Net Primary Production Of A Temperate Deciduous Forest Exhibits A Threshold Response To Increasing Disturbance Severity, Ecology, 96(9), 2478-2487. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1810.1
2014	Nave, L. E., Sparks, J. P., Le Moine, J., Hardiman, B. S., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Tallant, J. M., Vogel, C. S., Strahm, B. D., Curtis, P. S. (2014) Changes In Soil Nitrogen Cycling In A Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystem During Succession, Biogeochemistry, 121(3), 471-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0013-z
2013	Gough, C. M., Hardiman, B. S., Nave, L. E., Bohrer, G., Maurer, K. D., Vogel, C. S., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Curtis, P. S. (2013) Sustained Carbon Uptake And Storage Following Moderate Disturbance In A Great Lakes Forest, Ecological Applications, 23(5), 1202-1215. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1554.1
2013	Thomsen, J., Bohrer, G., Matheny, A., Ivanov, V., He, L., Renninger, H., Schäfer, K. (2013) Contrasting Hydraulic Strategies During Dry Soil Conditions In Quercus Rubra And Acer Rubrum In A Sandy Site In Michigan, Forests, 4(4), 1106-1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/f4041106
2013	Detto, M., Bohrer, G., Nietz, J., Maurer, K., Vogel, C., Gough, C., Curtis, P. (2013) Multivariate Conditional Granger Causality Analysis For Lagged Response Of Soil Respiration In A Temperate Forest, Entropy, 15(12), 4266-4284. https://doi.org/10.3390/e15104266
2013	Maurer, K. D., Hardiman, B. S., Vogel, C. S., Bohrer, G. (2013) Canopy-Structure Effects On Surface Roughness Parameters: Observations In A Great Lakes Mixed-Deciduous Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 177, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.002
2013	Hardiman, B., Bohrer, G., Gough, C., Curtis, P. (2013) Canopy Structural Changes Following Widespread Mortality Of Canopy Dominant Trees, Forests, 4(3), 537-552. https://doi.org/10.3390/f4030537
2013	Hardiman, B. S., Gough, C. M., Halperin, A., Hofmeister, K. L., Nave, L. E., Bohrer, G., Curtis, P. S. (2013) Maintaining High Rates Of Carbon Storage In Old Forests: A Mechanism Linking Canopy Structure To Forest Function, Forest Ecology And Management, 298, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.031
2011	Nave, L.E., Gough, C.M., Maurer, K.D., Bohrer, G, Hardiman, B.S., Le Moine, J., Munoz, A.B., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Sparks, J.P., Strahm, B.D., Vogel, C.S., Curtis, P.S. (2011) Disturbance And The Resilience Of Coupled Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling In A North Temperate Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 116(G04016), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001758
2011	Nave, L. E., Gough, C. M., Maurer, K. D., Bohrer, G., Hardiman, B. S., Le Moine, J., Munoz, A. B., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Sparks, J. P., Strahm, B. D., Vogel, C. S., Curtis, P. S. (2011) Disturbance And The Resilience Of Coupled Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling In A North Temperate Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 116(G4), . https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001758
2011	Hardiman, B. S., Bohrer, G., Gough, C. M., Vogel, C. S., Curtis, P. S. (2011) The Role Of Canopy Structural Complexity In Wood Net Primary Production Of A Maturing Northern Deciduous Forest, Ecology, 92(9), 1818-1827. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2192.1

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

Dead aspen in the US-UMd forest

researchers in UMb canopy

Girdled tree in US-UMd tower footprint

US-UMd FASET aerial view following aspen and birch senescence

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

DOI(s) for citing US-UMd data

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

Acknowledgments

Resources

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

Dead aspen in the US-UMd forest

researchers in UMb canopy

Girdled tree in US-UMd tower footprint

US-UMd FASET aerial view following aspen and birch senescence

US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

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GeoNEX Data Products

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

LST: Land Surface Temperature

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US-UMd: UMBS Disturbance

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