AmeriFlux Logo
Quick Sites: Sign in to Use
  1. Home
  2. Sites
  3. Siteinfo
  4. US-Wrc

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

Tower_team:
PI: Sonia Wharton wharton4@llnl.gov - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lat, Long: 45.8205, -121.9519
Elevation(m): 371
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.)
Climate Koeppen: Csb (Mediterranean: mild with dry, warm summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 8.8
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 2452
Flux Species Measured: CO2
Years Data Collected: 1998 - 2016
Years Data Available:

AmeriFlux BASE 1998 - 2015   Data Citation
Data Use Policy:AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1
Description:
Wind River Field Station flux tower site is located in the T.T. Munger Research Area of the Wind River Ranger District in the Gifford Pinchot National ...
See MoreShow Less
URL: http://depts.washington.edu/wrccrf/
Research Topics:
Research and monitoring objectives are to 1) Describe the estimation of CO2 exchange from the oldest forest ecosystem (500 years old) in the AmeriFlux ...
See MoreShow Less
Acknowledgment: —
Site Tasks
  1. This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
    The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
Site Photo More Site Images
Image Credit:
Copyright preference: Request for permission
Site Publication More Site Publications
Wharton, S., Falk, M., Bible, K., Schroeder, M., Paw U, K.T. 2012. Old-Growth CO2 Flux Measurements Reveal High Sensitivity To Climate Anomalies Across Seasonal, Annual And Decadal Time Scales, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 161, 1-14.

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-Wrc data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Wrc data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

  • AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246114
    Citation: Sonia Wharton (2016), AmeriFlux BASE US-Wrc Wind River Crane Site, Ver. 8-1, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246114

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

    —

Acknowledgments

    —

Resources

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site {{siteId}}.

Note: Results are the number of downloads to distinct data users. The Download Count column indicates the number of times the data user downloaded the data. The Version column refers to the version of the data product for the site that was downloaded by the data user.

Year Range

 Showing {{startItem + 1}} to {{(startItem + items) > filtered.length ? filtered.length : (startItem + items)}} of {{filtered.length}} results  Showing 0 to 0 of 0 results
Products :
';
Site Team View
Items Per Page:  
Date Name Data Product Version Intended Use Intended Use Description Download Count
{{dlObject.timeStamp}} {{dlObject.displayName}} {{displayProduct(dlObject.dataProduct)}} {{dlObject.version}} {{dlObject.intendedUse}} {{dlObject.comment}} {{dlObject.downloadCounter}}
No results to display
Date Name Data Product Vers. Intended Use Intended Use Description Download Count
{{dlObject.timeStamp}} {{dlObject.displayName}} {{displayProduct(dlObject.dataProduct)}} {{dlObject.version}} {{dlObject.intendedUse}} {{dlObject.comment}} {{dlObject.downloadCounter}}

 Showing {{startItem + 1}} to {{(startItem + items) > filtered.length ? filtered.length : (startItem + items)}} of {{filtered.length}} results

 Showing 0 to 0 of 0 results

Items Per Page:  

Not Found

Uh Oh. Something is missing. Try double checking the URL and try again.

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

Year Publication
2019 Still, C., Powell, R., Aubrecht, D., Kim, Y., Helliker, B., Roberts, D., Richardson, A. D., Goulden, M. (2019) Thermal Imaging In Plant And Ecosystem Ecology: Applications And Challenges, Ecosphere, 10(6), . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2768
2021 Still, C. J., Rastogi, B., Page, G. F., Griffith, D. M., Sibley, A., Schulze, M., Hawkins, L., Pau, S., Detto, M., Helliker, B. R. (2021) Imaging Canopy Temperature: Shedding (Thermal) Light On Ecosystem Processes, New Phytologist, 230(5), 1746-1753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17321
2021 Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2015 Toomey, M., Friedl, M. A., Frolking, S., Hufkens, K., Klosterman, S., Sonnentag, O., Baldocchi, D. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Biraud, S. C., Bohrer, G., Brzostek, E., Burns, S. P., Coursolle, C., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Pallardy, S., Phillips, R. P., Torn, M. S., Wharton, S., Zeri, M., Richardson, A. D. (2015) Greenness Indices From Digital Cameras Predict The Timing And Seasonal Dynamics Of Canopy-Scale Photosynthesis, Ecological Applications, 25(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1
2017 Raczka, B., Biraud, S. C., Ehleringer, J. R., Lai, C., Miller, J. B., Pataki, D. E., Saleska, S. R., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, B. H., Wehr, R., Bowling, D. R. (2017) Does Vapor Pressure Deficit Drive The Seasonality Of δ13C Of The Net Land-Atmosphere Co2 Exchange Across The United States?, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(8), 1969-1987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003795
2018 Rastogi, B., Berkelhammer, M., Wharton, S., Whelan, M. E., Meinzer, F. C., Noone, D., Still, C. J. (2018) Ecosystem Fluxes Of Carbonyl Sulfide In An Old-Growth Forest: Temporal Dynamics And Responses To Diffuse Radiation And Heat Waves, Biogeosciences, 15(23), 7127-7139. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7127-2018
2018 Rastogi, B., Berkelhammer, M., Wharton, S., Whelan, M. E., Itter, M. S., Leen, J. B., Gupta, M. X., Noone, D., Still, C. J. (2018) Large Uptake Of Atmospheric Ocs Observed At A Moist Old Growth Forest: Controls And Implications For Carbon Cycle Applications, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(11), 3424-3438. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004430
2018 Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
2015 Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010
2017 Wharton, S., Ma, S., Baldocchi, D.D., Falk, M., Newman, J.F., Osuna, J.L, Bible, K. (2017) Influence of regional nighttime atmospheric regimes on canopy turbulence and gradients at a closed and open forest in mountain-valley terrain, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 237–238, 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.020
2015 Taylor, A.J., Lai, C.-T., Hopkins, F.M., Wharton, S., Bible, K., Xu, X., Phillips, C., Bush, S., Ehleringer, J.R. (2015) Radiocarbon-based partitioning of soil respiration in an old-growth coniferous forest, Ecosystems, 18, 459-470.
2005 Falk, M., Paw U, K.T., Wharton, S., Schroeder, M. (2005) Is soil respiration a major contributor to the carbon budget within a Pacific Northwest old-growth forest?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 135, 269-283.
2009 Wharton, S., Schroeder, M., Bible, K., Falk, M., Paw U, K.T. (2009) Stand-level gas-exchange responses to seasonal drought in very young versus old Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, Tree Physiology, 29, 959-974. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp039
2009 Wharton, S., Chasmer, L., Falk, M., Paw U, K.T. (2009) Strong links between teleconnections and ecosystem exchange found at a Pacific Northwest old-growth forest from flux tower and MODIS EVI data, Global Change Biology, 15, 2187-2205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01952.x
2009 Wharton, S., Schroeder, M., Paw U, K.T., Falk, M., Bible, K. (2009) Turbulence considerations for comparing ecosystem exchange over old-growth and clear-cut stands for limited fetch and complex canopy flow conditions, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149, 1477-1490.
2012 Wharton, S., Falk, M., Bible, K., Schroeder, M., Paw U, K.T. (2012) Old-Growth CO2 Flux Measurements Reveal High Sensitivity To Climate Anomalies Across Seasonal, Annual And Decadal Time Scales, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 161, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.007
2016 Matthias Falk (2016) Climate Indices Strongly Influence Old-Growth Forest Carbon Exchange, Environmental Research Letters, 11, 1-12.
2004 Harmon, M.E., Bible, K., Ryan, M.G., Shaw, D.C., Chen, H., Klopatek, J., Li, X. (2004) Production, Respiration, And Overall Carbon Balance In An Old-Growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga Forest Ecosystem, Ecosystems, 7, 498-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0140-9
2004 Paw U, K., Falk, M., Suchanek, T., Ustin, S., Chen, J., Park, Y., Winner, W., Thomas, S., Hsiao, T., Shaw, R., King, T., Pyles, R., Schroeder, M., Matista, A. (2004) Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between An Old-Growth Forest And The Atmosphere, Ecosystems, 7(5), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0141-8
2008 Falk, M., Wharton, S., Schroeder, M., Ustin, S., U, K. T. (2008) Flux Partitioning In An Old-Growth Forest: Seasonal And Interannual Dynamics, Tree Physiology, 28(4), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.4.509
2004 Shaw, D., Franklin, J., Bible, K., Klopatek, J., Freeman, E., Greene, S., Parker, G. (2004) Ecological Setting Of The Wind River Old-Growth Forest, Ecosystems, 7(5), 427-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0135-6

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-Wrc: Wind River Crane Site

Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.
  • Image scale: 707m x 707m
  • Data Collected:
    • Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
    Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

    Wind Speed (m/s)

  • Graph Type
  • Wind Speed Scale
  • Wind Direction Scale (%)
  • Show Satellite Image
  • Show Wind Rose
    • Annual Average
    About Ameriflux Wind Roses
    Wind Rose Explanation
    A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
    Utility
    This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
    Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
    Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
    Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
    Where do these data come from?
    The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
    Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
    To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
    To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
    Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
    Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
    Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
    Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
    Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
    Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
    Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
    Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am