US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
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| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | Russell Scott russ.scott@ars.usda.gov - United States Department of Agriculture |
| Lat, Long: | 31.7365, -109.9419 |
| Elevation(m): | 1531 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux, LTAR, Phenocam |
| Vegetation IGBP: | GRA (Grasslands: Lands with herbaceous types of cover. Tree and shrub cover is less than 10%. Permanent wetlands lands with a permanent mixture of water and herbaceous or woody vegetation. The vegetation can be present in either salt, brackish, or fresh water.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Bsk (Steppe: warm winter) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 15.64 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 407 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2 |
| Years Data Collected: | 2004 - Present |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 2004 - 2024 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2004 - 2021 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | This site is located in a small, intensively-studied, experimental watershed within USDA-ARS's Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Eddy covariance measurements ... This site is located in a small, intensively-studied, experimental watershed within USDA-ARS's Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Eddy covariance measurements of energy, water and CO2 fluxes began in the spring of 2004, though meteorological (including Bowen ratio) and hydrological measurements are available much further back. See MoreShow Less |
| URL: | http://ars.usda.gov/PandP/docs.htm?docid=10978&page=1 |
| Research Topics: | Long-term energy and CO2 exchange study for semiarid warm season desert grassland. |
| Acknowledgment: | — |
Site Tasks
- This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
US-Wkg
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Scott, R.L., Hamerlynck, E.P., Jenerette, G.D., Moran, M.S., Barron-Gafford, G. 2010.
Carbon Dioxide Exchange In A Semidesert Grassland Through Drought-Induced Vegetation Change,
Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 115:G3, n/a-n/a.
US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-Wkg data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Wkg data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246112
Citation: Russell Scott (2025), AmeriFlux BASE US-Wkg Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands, Ver. 25-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246112 - AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1984575
Citation: Russell Scott (2023), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wkg Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands, Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1984575
Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
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US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site US-Wkg.
Note: Results are the number of downloads to distinct data users. The Download Count column indicates the number of times the data user downloaded the data. The Version column refers to the version of the data product for the site that was downloaded by the data user.
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US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
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Search Images for this Site Images found : 5
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US-Wkg WalnutGulch1
Keywords: —
Credit: Sebastien Biraud
Site ID: US-Wkg
Location: Arizona, United States
Location: Arizona, United States
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US-Wkg US-Wkg Summer Monsoon
Description:
Kendall Grassland flux tower, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
Keywords: —
Credit: Russell Scott
Site ID: US-Wkg
Location: Arizona, United States
Location: Arizona, United States
Image Date: 2017/08/11
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US-Wkg US-Wkg
Description:
Taken Nov. 19, 2015. Kendall Watershed met station and flux tower, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
Keywords: —
Credit: Russell Scott
Site ID: US-Wkg
Location: Arizona, United States
Location: Arizona, United States
Image Date: 2015/11/19
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Article Title: —
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US-Wkg 2014 Kendall – After good summer rainy season
Keywords: —
Credit: Russ Scott
Site ID: US-Wkg
Location: Arizona, United States
Location: Arizona, United States
Image Date: 2014/10/02
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Right to Use: Open use
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US-Wkg Field visit – Kendall Desert Grassland, AZ
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Credit: Joel Biederman
Site ID: US-Wkg
Location: Arizona, United States
Location: Arizona, United States
Image Date: 2014/02/10
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US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
- Overview
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- MODIS
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MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data
PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .
PhenoCam sites for US-Wkg:
Use the links below to explore camera images and interactive timeseries for these sites.
Citation:
B. Seyednasrollah, A. M. Young, K. Hufkens, T. Milliman, M. A. Friedl, S. Frolking, and A. D. Richardson. Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse biomes using version 2.0 of the phenocam dataset. Scientific Data, 6(1):222, 2019. doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0229-9Camera Imagery
Milliman, T., B. Seyednasrollah, A.M. Young, K. Hufkens, M.A. Friedl, S. Frolking, A.D. Richardson, M. Abraha, D.W. Allen, M. Apple, M.A. Arain, J.M. Baker, D. Baldocchi, C.J. Bernacchi, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Blanken, D.D. Bosch, R. Boughton, E.H. Boughton, R.F. Brown, D.M. Browning, N. Brunsell, S.P. Burns, M. Cavagna, H. Chu, P.E. Clark, B.J. Conrad, E. Cremonese, D. Debinski, A.R. Desai, R. Diaz-Delgado, L. Duchesne, A.L. Dunn, D.M. Eissenstat, T. El-Madany, D.S.S. Ellum, S.M. Ernest, A. Esposito, L. Fenstermaker, L.B. Flanagan, B. Forsythe, J. Gallagher, D. Gianelle, T. Griffis, P. Groffman, L. Gu, J. Guillemot, M. Halpin, P.J. Hanson, D. Hemming, A.A. Hove, E.R. Humphreys, A. Jaimes-Hernandez, A.A. Jaradat, J. Johnson, E. Keel, V.R. Kelly, J.W. Kirchner, P.B. Kirchner, M. Knapp, M. Krassovski, O. Langvall, G. Lanthier, G.l. Maire, E. Magliulo, T.A. Martin, B. McNeil, G.A. Meyer, M. Migliavacca, B.P. Mohanty, C.E. Moore, R. Mudd, J.W. Munger, Z.E. Murrell, Z. Nesic, H.S. Neufeld, W. Oechel, A.C. Oishi, W.W. Oswald, T.D. Perkins, M.L. Reba, B. Rundquist, B.R. Runkle, E.S. Russell, E.J. Sadler, A. Saha, N.Z. Saliendra, L. Schmalbeck, M.D. Schwartz, R.L. Scott, E.M. Smith, O. Sonnentag, P. Stoy, S. Strachan, K. Suvocarev, J.E. Thom, R.Q. Thomas, A.K. Van den berg, R. Vargas, J. Verfaillie, C.S. Vogel, J.J. Walker, N. Webb, P. Wetzel, S. Weyers, A.V. Whipple, T.G. Whitham, G. Wohlfahrt, J.D. Wood, J. Yang, X. Yang, G. Yenni, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and D. Zona. 2019. PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Digital Camera Imagery from the PhenoCam Network, 2000-2018. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1689
Green Chromatic Coordinate Time Series
Seyednasrollah, B., A.M. Young, K. Hufkens, T. Milliman, M.A. Friedl, S. Frolking, A.D. Richardson, M. Abraha, D.W. Allen, M. Apple, M.A. Arain, J. Baker, J.M. Baker, D. Baldocchi, C.J. Bernacchi, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Blanken, D.D. Bosch, R. Boughton, E.H. Boughton, R.F. Brown, D.M. Browning, N. Brunsell, S.P. Burns, M. Cavagna, H. Chu, P.E. Clark, B.J. Conrad, E. Cremonese, D. Debinski, A.R. Desai, R. Diaz-Delgado, L. Duchesne, A.L. Dunn, D.M. Eissenstat, T. El-Madany, D.S.S. Ellum, S.M. Ernest, A. Esposito, L. Fenstermaker, L.B. Flanagan, B. Forsythe, J. Gallagher, D. Gianelle, T. Griffis, P. Groffman, L. Gu, J. Guillemot, M. Halpin, P.J. Hanson, D. Hemming, A.A. Hove, E.R. Humphreys, A. Jaimes-Hernandez, A.A. Jaradat, J. Johnson, E. Keel, V.R. Kelly, J.W. Kirchner, P.B. Kirchner, M. Knapp, M. Krassovski, O. Langvall, G. Lanthier, G.l. Maire, E. Magliulo, T.A. Martin, B. McNeil, G.A. Meyer, M. Migliavacca, B.P. Mohanty, C.E. Moore, R. Mudd, J.W. Munger, Z.E. Murrell, Z. Nesic, H.S. Neufeld, T.L. O'Halloran, W. Oechel, A.C. Oishi, W.W. Oswald, T.D. Perkins, M.L. Reba, B. Rundquist, B.R. Runkle, E.S. Russell, E.J. Sadler, A. Saha, N.Z. Saliendra, L. Schmalbeck, M.D. Schwartz, R.L. Scott, E.M. Smith, O. Sonnentag, P. Stoy, S. Strachan, K. Suvocarev, J.E. Thom, R.Q. Thomas, A.K. Van den berg, R. Vargas, J. Verfaillie, C.S. Vogel, J.J. Walker, N. Webb, P. Wetzel, S. Weyers, A.V. Whipple, T.G. Whitham, G. Wohlfahrt, J.D. Wood, S. Wolf, J. Yang, X. Yang, G. Yenni, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and D. Zona. 2019. PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Vegetation Phenology from Digital Camera Imagery, 2000-2018. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1674
GeoNEX Data Products
GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.
The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.
GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-Wkg, 31.7365, -109.9419.
Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.
Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel
Lat: 31.7500 Long: -109.9800
US-Wkg
Graph controls:
- Zoom: click-drag
- Pan: shift-click-drag
- Restore zoom level: double-click
- Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
All download requests will be logged.
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
No NDVI data have been received for site US-Wkg.
NDVI (unitless)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: 31.7500 Long: -109.9800
NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation
No NIRv data have been received for site US-Wkg.
NIRv (unitless)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: 31.7500 Long: -109.9800
DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation
No DSR data have been received for site US-Wkg.
Shortwave Radiation (W/m2)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: 31.7500 Long: -109.9800
LST: Land Surface Temperature
No LST data have been received for site US-Wkg.
LST (K)
Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: 31.7400 Long: -109.9800
Citation
This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.
Subset Data Citation:
- Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.
Relevant Science Publication Citation:
GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.
- Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.
- Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.
US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
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Search Publications for this Site
Publications Found: 26
| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Javadian, M., Scott, R. L., Woodgate, W., Richardson, A. D., Dannenberg, M. P., Smith, W. K. (2024) Canopy temperature dynamics are closely aligned with ecosystem water availability across a water- to energy-limited gradient, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 357, 110206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110206 |
| 2021 | Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350 |
| 2019 | Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744 |
| 2019 | Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1 |
| 2019 | Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517 |
| 2018 | Zhang, Q., Phillips, R. P., Manzoni, S., Scott, R. L., Oishi, A. C., Finzi, A., Daly, E., Vargas, R., Novick, K. A. (2018) Changes In Photosynthesis And Soil Moisture Drive The Seasonal Soil Respiration-Temperature Hysteresis Relationship, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 259, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.005 |
| 2018 | Smith, W. K., Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Moore, D. J., He, M., Kimball, J. S., Yan, D., Hudson, A., Barnes, M. L., MacBean, N., Fox, A. M., Litvak, M. E. (2018) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal And Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(2), 748-757. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075922 |
| 2017 | Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Bell, T. W., Bowling, D. R., Dore, S., Garatuza-Payan, J., Kolb, T. E., Krishnan, P., Krofcheck, D. J., Litvak, M. E., Maurer, G. E., Meyers, T. P., Oechel, W. C., Papuga, S. A., Ponce-Campos, G. E., Rodriguez, J. C., Smith, W. K., Vargas, R., Watts, C. J., Yepez, E. A., Goulden, M. L. (2017) Co2 Exchange And Evapotranspiration Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 23(10), 4204-4221. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13686 |
| 2016 | Wolf, S., Keenan, T.F., Fisher, J.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Desai, A.R., Richardson, A.D., Scott, R.L., Law, B.E., Litvak, M.E., Brunsell, N.A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T. (2016) Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113 |
| 2016 | Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Goulden, M. L., Vargas, R., Litvak, M. E., Kolb, T. E., Yepez, E. A., Oechel, W. C., Blanken, P. D., Bell, T. W., Garatuza-Payan, J., Maurer, G. E., Dore, S., Burns, S. P. (2016) Terrestrial Carbon Balance In A Drier World: The Effects Of Water Availability In Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 22(5), 1867-1879. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13222 |
| 2016 | Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114 |
| 2015 | Scott, R.L., Biederman, J.A., Hamerlynck, E.P., Barron-Gafford, G. (2015) The carbon balance pivot point of southwestern U.S. semiarid ecosystems: Insights from the 21st century drought, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120, 2612-2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003181 |
| 2015 | Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Hamerlynck, E. P., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2015) The Carbon Balance Pivot Point Of Southwestern U.S. Semiarid Ecosystems: Insights From The 21st Century Drought, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120(12), 2612-2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003181 |
| 2015 | Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010 |
| 2013 | P. Hamerlynck, E., L. Scott, R., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2013) Consequences Of Cool-Season Drought-Induced Plant Mortality To Chihuahuan Desert Grassland Ecosystem And Soil Respiration Dynamics, Ecosystems, 16(7), 1178-1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9675-y |
| 2012 | Krishnan, P., Meyers, T. P., Scott, R. L., Kennedy, L., Heuer, M. (2012) Energy Exchange And Evapotranspiration Over Two Temperate Semi-Arid Grasslands In North America, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 153, 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.017 |
| 2011 | Blonquist, J. M., Montzka, S. A., Munger, J. W., Yakir, D., Desai, A. R., Dragoni, D., Griffis, T. J., Monson, R. K., Scott, R. L., Bowling, D. R. (2011) The Potential Of Carbonyl Sulfide As A Proxy For Gross Primary Production At Flux Tower Sites, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 116(G4), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001723 |
| 2010 | Polyakov, V.O., Nearing, M.A., Stone, J.J., Hamerlynck, E.P., Nichols, M.H., Holifield Collins, C.D., Scott, R.L. (2010) Runoff And Erosional Responses To A Drought-Induced Shift In A Desert Grassland Community Composition, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 115(G4), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001386 |
| 2010 | Scott, R.L., Hamerlynck, E.P., Jenerette, G.D., Moran, M.S., Barron-Gafford, G. (2010) Carbon Dioxide Exchange In A Semidesert Grassland Through Drought-Induced Vegetation Change, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 115(G3), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001348 |
| 2010 | Scott, R. L. (2010) Using Watershed Water Balance To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Eddy Covariance Evaporation Measurements For Three Semiarid Ecosystems, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 150(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.002 |
| 2009 | Moran, M. S., Scott, R. L., Hamerlynck, E. P., Green, K. N., Emmerich, W. E., Holifield Collins, C. D. (2009) Soil Evaporation Response To Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis Lehmanniana) Invasion In A Semiarid Watershed, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 149(12), 2133-2142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.018 |
| 2009 | Moran, M., Scott, R., Keefer, T., Emmerich, W., Hernandez, M., Nearing, G., Paige, G., Cosh, M., O’Neill, P. (2009) Partitioning Evapotranspiration In Semiarid Grassland And Shrubland Ecosystems Using Time Series Of Soil Surface Temperature, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 149(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.07.004 |
| 2008 | Li, F., Kustas, W. P., Anderson, M. C., Prueger, J. H., Scott, R. L. (2008) Effect Of Remote Sensing Spatial Resolution On Interpreting Tower-Based Flux Observations, Remote Sensing Of Environment, 112(2), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.032 |
| 2007 | Emmerich, W. E. (2007) Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency In A Semiarid Shrubland And Grassland Community, Rangeland Ecology & Management, 60(5), 464-470. https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[464:ewueia]2.0.co;2 |
| 2007 | Watts, C. J., Scott, R. L., Garatuza-Payan, J., Rodriguez, J. C., Prueger, J. H., Kustas, W. P., Douglas, M. (2007) Changes In Vegetation Condition And Surface Fluxes During NAME 2004, Journal Of Climate, 20(9), 1810-1820. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli4088.1 |
| 2003 | Emmerich, W. E. (2003) Carbon Dioxide Fluxes In A Semiarid Environment With High Carbonate Soils, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 116(1-2), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00231-9 |
US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
- Overview
- Windroses
- Data Citation
- Data Use Log
- Image Gallery
- Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
- GeoNEX
- Publications
- BADM
BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
- Download BADM for this site*
- View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)*
- Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship
- Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)
- More BADM resources
* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.
US-Wkg: Walnut Gulch Kendall Grasslands
- Overview
- Windroses
- Data Citation
- Data Use Log
- Image Gallery
- Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
- GeoNEX
- Publications
- BADM
Wind Roses
Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.
Wind Speed (m/s)
Navigation
Annual Average
About Ameriflux Wind Roses
Wind Rose Explanation
A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
Utility
This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
Where do these data come from?
The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
- Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
- Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am