US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | Greg Barron-Gafford gregbg@arizona.edu - University of Arizona |
| PI: | Russ Scott russ.scott@usda.gov - USDA ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center |
| AncContact: | John Knowles John.knowles@montana.edu - Montana State University |
| Lat, Long: | 32.4160, -110.7256 |
| Elevation(m): | 2573 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux |
| Vegetation IGBP: | ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Dwb (Warm Summer Continental: dry winters ) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 9.3 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 790 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2, H2O |
| Years Data Collected: | 2009 - Present |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 2009 - 2024 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | Western slope of Mt. Bigelow; 29 km NE of Tucson, AZ, USA; Mixed evergreen conifer forest; Average canopy height = 10 m; Summer monsoon; 30-m tower installed ... Western slope of Mt. Bigelow; 29 km NE of Tucson, AZ, USA; Mixed evergreen conifer forest; Average canopy height = 10 m; Summer monsoon; 30-m tower installed in 2002; Secondary forest re-established in the 1930s See MoreShow Less |
| URL: | https://www.barrongafford.org/montane-ecosystem--the-critical-zone.html |
| Research Topics: | Ecohydrology |
| Acknowledgment: | Funding for the Mt. Bigelow operation and maintenance was provided by National Science Foundation EAR awards 0724958 and 1331408 to the Catalina-Jemez Critical Zone Observatory. |
- This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
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US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-MtB data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-MtB data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1579717
Citation: Greg Barron-Gafford (2025), AmeriFlux BASE US-MtB Mt Bigelow, Ver. 5-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1579717
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
Publication(s) for citing site characterization
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Acknowledgments
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Resources
- AmeriFlux Logos & Acknowledgments
US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site US-MtB.
Note: Results are the number of downloads to distinct data users. The Download Count column indicates the number of times the data user downloaded the data. The Version column refers to the version of the data product for the site that was downloaded by the data user.
| Date | Name | Data Product | Version | Intended Use | Intended Use Description | Download Count |
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| Date | Name | Data Product | Vers. | Intended Use | Intended Use Description | Download Count |
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US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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| AmeriFlux Images | Add Image |
US-MtB Thermal Camera
William Smith and Mostafa Javadian installed an ICI thermal camera on the US-MtB tower to get continuous 10-min interval thermal images.
Keywords: Thermal, remote-sensing, US-MtB
Location:
View in Original Size
To download, right-click photo (Mac: control-click) and choose Save Image As
US-MtB Tower_Bigelow
Keywords: —
Location:
View in Original Size
To download, right-click photo (Mac: control-click) and choose Save Image As
US-MtB Greg_Bigelow
Keywords: —
Location: Arizona, United States
View in Original Size
To download, right-click photo (Mac: control-click) and choose Save Image As
US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data
PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .
No PhenoCam data for this siteGeoNEX Data Products
GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.
The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.
GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-MtB, 32.416, -110.7256.
Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.
Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel
Graph controls:
- Zoom: click-drag
- Pan: shift-click-drag
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- Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
All download requests will be logged.
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
LST: Land Surface Temperature
Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
Citation
This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.
Subset Data Citation:
- Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.
Relevant Science Publication Citation:
GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.
- Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.
- Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.
US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Javadian, M., Scott, R. L., Woodgate, W., Richardson, A. D., Dannenberg, M. P., Smith, W. K. (2024) Canopy temperature dynamics are closely aligned with ecosystem water availability across a water- to energy-limited gradient, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 357, 110206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110206 |
| 2024 | Webb, R., Knowles, J., Fox, A., Fabricus, A., Corrie, T., Mooney, K., Gallais, J., Frimpong, N., Akurugu, C., Barron‐Gafford, G., Blanken, P., Burns, S., Frank, J., Litvak, M. (2024) Energy‐Water Asynchrony Principally Determines Water Available For Runoff From Snowmelt In Continental Montane Forests, Hydrological Processes, 38(10), . https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15297 |
| 2022 | Javadian, M., Smith, W. K., Lee, K., Knowles, J. F., Scott, R. L., Fisher, J. B., Moore, D. J., Leeuwen, W. J., Barron‐Gafford, G., Behrangi, A. (2022) Canopy Temperature Is Regulated By Ecosystem Structural Traits And Captures The Ecohydrologic Dynamics Of A Semiarid Mixed Conifer Forest Site, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(2), e2021JG006617. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006617 |
| 2021 | Dwivedi, R., Eastoe, C., Knowles, J. F., Hamann, L., Meixner, T., Ferre, P.A., Castro, C., Wright, W.E., Niu, G.-Y., Minor, R., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Abramson, N., Mitra, B., Papuga, S.A., Stanley, M., Chorover, J. (2021) An improved practical approach for estimating catchment‐scale response functions through wavelet analysis, Hydrological Processes, 35(3), e14082. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14082 |
| 2021 | Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350 |
| 2020 | Knowles, J. F., Scott, R. L., Minor, R. L., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2020) Ecosystem Carbon And Water Cycling From A Sky Island Montane Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 281, 107835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107835 |
| 2020 | Knowles, J. F., Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Blanken, P. D., Burns, S. P., Dore, S., Kolb, T. E., Litvak, M. E., Barron‐Gafford, G. A. (2020) Montane Forest Productivity Across A Semiarid Climatic Gradient, Global Change Biology, 26(12), 6945-6958. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15335 |
| 2020 | Yang, J. C., Magney, T. S., Yan, D., Knowles, J. F., Smith, W. K., Scott, R. L., Barron‐Gafford, G. A. (2020) The Photochemical Reflectance Index (Pri) Captures The Ecohydrologic Sensitivity Of A Semiarid Mixed Conifer Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(11), . https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005624 |
| 2020 | Murphy, P. C., Knowles, J. F., Moore, D. J. P., Anchukaitis, K., Potts, D. L., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2020) Topography Influences Species-Specific Patterns Of Seasonal Primary Productivity In A Semiarid Montane Forest, Tree Physiology, 40(10), 1343-1354. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa083 |
| 2019 | Olshansky, Y., Knowles, J. F., Barron‐Gafford, G. A., Rasmussen, C., Abramson, N., Chorover, J. (2019) Soil Fluid Biogeochemical Response To Climatic Events, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(9), 2866-2882. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005216 |
| 2019 | Dwivedi, R., Eastoe, C., Knowles, J. F., Wright, W. E., Hamann, L., Minor, R., Mitra, B., Meixner, T., McIntosh, J., Ty Ferre, P. A., Castro, C., Niu, G., Barron‐Gafford, G. A., Abramson, N., Papuga, S. A., Stanley, M., Hu, J., Chorover, J. (2019) Vegetation Source Water Identification Using Isotopic And Hydrometric Observations From A Subhumid Mountain Catchment, Ecohydrology, 13, . https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2167 |
| 2018 | Chang, L., Dwivedi, R., Knowles, J. F., Fang, Y., Niu, G., Pelletier, J. D., Rasmussen, C., Durcik, M., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Meixner, T. (2018) Why Do Large-Scale Land Surface Models Produce A Low Ratio Of Transpiration To Evapotranspiration?, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(17), 9109-9130. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029159 |
US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
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BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
- Download BADM for this site*
- View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)*
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* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.
US-MtB: Mt Bigelow
- Overview
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- MODIS
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Wind Roses
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