US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | Bert Drake drakeb@si.edu - Smithsonian Environmental Research Center |
| PI: | Ross Hinkle rhinkle@ucf.edu - University of Central Florida |
| AncContact: | Rosvel Bracho rbracho@ufl.edu - University of Florida |
| AncContact: | Sabina Dore sabina.dore@nau.edu - Northern Arizona University |
| DataManager: | Tom Powell tlpowell@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Lat, Long: | 28.6086, -80.6715 |
| Elevation(m): | 3.00 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux |
| Vegetation IGBP: | CSH (Closed Shrublands: Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover >60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Cwa (Humid Subtropical: dry winter, hot summer) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 21.66 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 1294 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2 |
| Years Data Collected: | 2000 - 2007 |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 1999 - 2006 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 1999 - 2006 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | The Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak site is located within the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on the east coast ... The Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak site is located within the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on the east coast of central Florida. Situated in a 10 ha scrub oak ecosystem, the surrounding stand was completely burned by a prescribed fire in 1996. The purpose of the burn was to control understory fuel load, which has been a common practice since 1969. Within a few weeks of the 1996 burn, the stand began to naturally regenerate from roots and rhizomes. Most scrub oak stands in the region undergo a 7 to 10 year disturbance cycle, mostly related to fire or hurricane activity. A severe drought gripped most of Florida beginning in 1998 until the later half of 2001 resulting in four years of relatively low amount of annual rainfall. Exceptionally high annual rainfall amount in 2004 was the result of a pair of hurricanes that hit the area in August and September of 2004. Prevaling wind directions for the site are as follows: W to NW in the winter, afternoon E sea breeze in the summer. See MoreShow Less |
| URL: | http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/co2/florida.aspx |
| Research Topics: | Research Topics and objectives for the Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak site include the following: 1) Investigate the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 ... Research Topics and objectives for the Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak site include the following: 1) Investigate the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on aboveground biomass of a naturally re- regenerated woody ecosystem; 2) Quantify scrub oak net ecosystem exchange over a range of temporal scales from half-hour to annual; 3) Identify the magnitude and temporal scales that leaf area, air temperature, soil moisture, vapor pressure, and solar radiation influence scrub oak C fluxes; 4) Quantify and compare latent heat and sensible heat fluxes of these two adjacent, hydrologically contrasting Florida ecosystems; 5) Determine and compare the biological and environmental factors affecting the partition of the available energy into evapotranspiration and sensible heat flux between the two ecosystems (Dijkstra et al., 2002, Powell et al., 2006, Bracho et al., 2008). See MoreShow Less |
| Acknowledgment: | — |
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US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-KS2 data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-KS2 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246070
Citation: Bert Drake, Ross Hinkle, Rosvel Bracho, Sabina Dore, Thomas Powell (2019), AmeriFlux BASE US-KS2 Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak), Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246070 - AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229380
Citation: Bert Drake, Ross Hinkle, Rosvel Bracho, Sabina Dore, Thomas Powell (2023), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-KS2 Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak), Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229380
Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
Publication(s) for citing site characterization
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US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site US-KS2.
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US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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Search Images for this Site Images found : 1
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US-KS2 US-KS2 eddyflux
Description:
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA, eddy flux and elevated CO2 chambers. Scrub oak ecosystem. Canopy height: 1.5 m. Sensor height: 3.5m
Keywords: —
Credit: Bert Drake
Site ID: US-KS2
Location: Florida, United States
Location: Florida, United States
Image Date: 2002/10/08
Journal: —
Article Title: —
Copyright Permissions: Contact owner
Right to Use: As long as credit is given
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US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data
PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .
No PhenoCam data for this siteGeoNEX Data Products
GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.
The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.
GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-KS2, 28.6086, -80.6715.
Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.
Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel
Graph controls:
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NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
No NDVI data have been received for site US-KS2.
NDVI (unitless)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation
No NIRv data have been received for site US-KS2.
NIRv (unitless)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation
No DSR data have been received for site US-KS2.
Shortwave Radiation (W/m2)
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
LST: Land Surface Temperature
No LST data have been received for site US-KS2.
LST (K)
Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
Citation
This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.
Subset Data Citation:
- Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.
Relevant Science Publication Citation:
GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.
- Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.
- Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.
US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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Search Publications for this Site
Publications Found: 21
| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2021 | Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350 |
| 2019 | Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2603 |
| 2019 | Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517 |
| 2018 | Baldocchi, D., Penuelas, J. (2018) The Physics And Ecology Of Mining Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere By Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, . https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14559 |
| 2016 | Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114 |
| 2015 | Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010 |
| 2008 | Bracho, R., Powell, T. L., Dore, S., Li, J., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G. (2008) Environmental And Biological Controls On Water And Energy Exchange In Florida Scrub Oak And Pine Flatwoods Ecosystems, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 113(G02004), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000469 |
| 2006 | Powell, T. L., Bracho, R., Li, J., Dore, S., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G. (2006) Environmental Controls Over Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange Of Scrub Oak In Central Florida, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 141(1), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.09.002 |
| 2006 | Powell, T. L., Bracho, R., Li, J., Dore, S., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G. (2006) Environmental Controls Over Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange Of Scrub Oak In Central Florida, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 141(1), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.09.002 |
| 2003 | Johnson, D. W., Hungate, B. A., Dijkstra, P., Hymus, G., Hinkle, C. R., Stiling, P., Drake, B. G. (2003) The Effects Of Elevated CO2 On Nutrient Distribution In A Fire-Adapted Scrub Oak Forest, Ecological Applications, 13(5), 1388-1399. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5139 |
| 2003 | Stiling, P., Moon, D., Hunter, M., Colson, J., Rossi, A., Hymus, G., Drake, B. (2003) Elevated CO2 Lowers Relative And Absolute Herbivore Density Across All Species Of A Scrub-Oak Forest, Oecologia, 134(1), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1075-5 |
| 2003 | Dore, S., Hymus, G. J., Johnson, D. P., Hinkle, C. R., Valentini, R., Drake, B. G. (2003) Cross Validation Of Open-Top Chamber And Eddy Covariance Measurements Of Ecosystem CO2 Exchange In A Florida Scrub-Oak Ecosystem, Global Change Biology, 9(1), 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00561.x |
| 2003 | Hymus, G. J., Johnson, D. P., Dore, S., Anderson, H. P., Ross Hinkle, C., Drake, B. G. (2003) Effects Of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 On Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange Of A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem, Global Change Biology, 9(12), 1802-1812. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00675.x |
| 2003 | Li, J., Dugas, W. A., Hymus, G. J., Johnson, D. P., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G., Hungate, B. A. (2003) Direct And Indirect Effects Of Elevated CO2 On Transpiration From Quercus Myrtifolia In A Scrub-Oak Ecosystem, Global Change Biology, 9(1), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00557.x |
| 2002 | Hungate, B. A., Reichstein, M., Dijkstra, P., Johnson, D., Hymus, G., Tenhunen, J. D., Hinkle, C., Drake, B. G. (2002) Evapotranspiration And Soil Water Content In A Scrub-Oak Woodland Under Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Global Change Biology, 8(3), 289-298. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00468.x |
| 2002 | Langley, J. A., Drake, B. G., Hungate, B. A. (2002) Extensive Belowground Carbon Storage Supports Roots And Mycorrhizae In Regenerating Scrub Oaks, Oecologia, 131(4), 542-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0932-6 |
| 2002 | Stiling, P., Cattell, M., Moon, D. C., Rossi, A., Hungate, B. A., Hymus, G., Drake, B. (2002) Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Lowers Herbivore Abundance, But Increases Leaf Abscission Rates, Global Change Biology, 8(7), 658-667. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00501.x |
| 2002 | Hymus, G. J., Snead, T. G., Johnson, D. P., Hungate, B. A., Drake, B. G. (2002) Acclimation Of Photosynthesis And Respiration To Elevated Atmospheric CO2 In Two Scrub Oaks, Global Change Biology, 8(4), 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00472.x |
| 2002 | Dijkstra, P., Hymus, G., Colavito, D., Vieglais, D. A., Cundari, C. M., Johnson, D. P., Hungate, B. A., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G. (2002) Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Stimulates Aboveground Biomass In A Fire-Regenerated Scrub-Oak Ecosystem, Global Change Biology, 8(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x |
| 2000 | Li, J., Dijkstra, P., Hymus, G. J., Wheeler, R. M., Piastuch, W. C., Hinkle, C. R., Drake, B. G. (2000) Leaf Senescence Of Quercus Myrtifolia As Affected By Long-Term CO2 Enrichment In Its Native Environment, Global Change Biology, 6(7), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00347.x |
| 1999 | Li, J., Dijkstra, P., Hinkle, C. R., Wheeler, R. M., Drake, B. G. (1999) Photosynthetic Acclimation To Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration In The Florida Scrub-Oak Species Quercus Geminata And Quercus Myrtifolia Growing In Their Native Environment, Tree Physiology, 19(4-5), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.4-5.229 |
US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
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BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
- Download BADM for this site*
- View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)*
- Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship
- Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)
- More BADM resources
* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.
US-KS2: Kennedy Space Center (scrub oak)
- Overview
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Wind Roses
Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.
Wind Speed (m/s)
Navigation
Annual Average
About Ameriflux Wind Roses
Wind Rose Explanation
A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
Utility
This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
Where do these data come from?
The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
- Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
- Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am