US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | J. William Munger jwmunger@seas.harvard.edu - Harvard University |
| Technician: | Mark VanScoy mvanscoy@fas.harvard.edu - Harvard University |
| Lat, Long: | 42.5393, -72.1779 |
| Elevation(m): | 360 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux, LTER, Phenocam |
| Vegetation IGBP: | ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Dfb (Warm Summer Continental: significant precipitation in all seasons ) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 6.56 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 1071 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2, H, H2O |
| Years Data Collected: | 2004 - Present |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 2004 - 2024 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | |
| URL: | http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/research-facilities-and-resources |
| Research Topics: | — |
| Acknowledgment: | Operation of the US-Ha2 site is supported by the AmeriFlux Management Project with funding by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and additionally is a part of the Harvard Forest LTER site supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1237491). |
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US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-Ha2 data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Ha2 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246060
Citation: Julian Hadley, J. William Munger (2024), AmeriFlux BASE US-Ha2 Harvard Forest Hemlock Site, Ver. 12-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246060
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
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US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
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US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
Search Images for this Site Images found : 1
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US-Ha2 2014.US.Ha2.Sitevisit.IMG_4956
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2014.US.Ha2.Sitevisit.IMG_4956
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Site ID: US-Ha2
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US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
Search Publications for this Site
Publications Found: 15
| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2023 | Lee, L. X., Whitby, T. G., Munger, J. W., Stonebrook, S. J., Friedl, M. A. (2023) Remote Sensing Of Seasonal Variation Of Lai And Fapar In A Deciduous Broadleaf Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 333, 109389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109389 |
| 2021 | Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350 |
| 2020 | Finzi, A. C., Giasson, M., Barker Plotkin, A. A., Aber, J. D., Boose, E. R., Davidson, E. A., Dietze, M. C., Ellison, A. M., Frey, S. D., Goldman, E., Keenan, T. F., Melillo, J. M., Munger, J. W., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Ollinger, S. V., Orwig, D. A., Pederson, N., Richardson, A. D., Savage, K., Tang, J., Thompson, J. R., Williams, C. A., Wofsy, S. C., Zhou, Z., Foster, D. R. (2020) Carbon Budget Of The Harvard Forest Long‐Term Ecological Research Site: Pattern, Process, And Response To Global Change, Ecological Monographs, . https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1423 |
| 2013 | Keenan, T. F., Hollinger, D. Y., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Munger, J. W., Schmid, H. P., Richardson, A. D. (2013) Increase In Forest Water-Use Efficiency As Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Rise, Nature, 499(7458), 324-327. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12291 |
| 2018 | Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306 |
| 2018 | Kim, J. H., Hwang, T., Yang, Y., Schaaf, C. L., Boose, E., Munger, J. W. (2018) Warming-Induced Earlier Greenup Leads To Reduced Stream Discharge In A Temperate Mixed Forest Catchment, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(6), 1960-1975. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004438 |
| 2017 | Kim, J., Hwang, T., Schaaf, C. L., Orwig, D. A., Boose, E., Munger, J. W. (2017) Increased Water Yield Due To The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation In New England, Geophysical Research Letters, 44(5), 2327-2335. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072327 |
| 2002 | Hadley, J. L., Schedlbauer, J. L. (2002) Carbon Exchange Of An Old-Growth Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Forest In Central New England, Tree Physiology, 22(15-16), 1079-1092. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.15-16.1079 |
| 2000 | Hadley, J. L. (2000) Effect Of Daily Minimum Temperature On Photosynthesis In Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis L.) In Autumn And Winter, Arctic, Antarctic, And Alpine Research, 32(4), 368-374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1552384 |
| 2004 | Magill, A. H., Aber, J. D., Currie, W. S., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Martin, M. E., McDowell, W. H., Melillo, J. M., Steudler, P. (2004) Ecosystem Response To 15 Years Of Chronic Nitrogen Additions At The Harvard Forest LTER, Massachusetts, USA, Forest Ecology And Management, 196(1), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.033 |
| 2000 | Compton, J. E., Boone, R. D. (2000) Long-Term Impacts Of Agriculture On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In New England Forests, Ecology, 81(8), 2314-2330. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2314:LTIOAO]2.0.CO;2 |
| 2003 | Turner, D. P., Urbanski, S., Bremer, D., Wofsy, S. C., Meyers, T., Gower, S. T., Gregory, M. (2003) A Cross-Biome Comparison Of Daily Light Use Efficiency For Gross Primary Production, Global Change Biology, 9(3), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00573.x |
| 2004 | Yi, C., Li, R., Bakwin, P. S., Desai, A., Ricciuto, D. M., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Wilson, K., Monson, R. K. (2004) A Nonparametric Method For Separating Photosynthesis And Respiration Components In CO2 Flux Measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 31(17), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020490 |
| 2002 | Hadley, J. L., Schedlbauer, J. L. (2002) Carbon Exchange Of An Old-Growth Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Forest In Central New England, Tree Physiology, 22(15-16), 1079-1092. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.15-16.1079 |
| 2004 | Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., Gower, S. T. (2004) A Global Relationship Between The Heterotrophic And Autotrophic Components Of Soil Respiration?, Global Change Biology, 10(10), 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00816.x |
US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
- Download BADM for this site*
- View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)*
- Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship
- Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)
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* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.
US-Ha2: Harvard Forest Hemlock Site
Wind Roses
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Wind Speed (m/s)
Annual Average
About Ameriflux Wind Roses
Wind Rose Explanation
A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
Utility
This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
Where do these data come from?
The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
- Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
- Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
- Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am