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US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

Tower_team:
PI: Peter Blanken Blanken@Colorado.EDU - University of Colorado
AncContact: Sean Burns sean.burns@colorado.edu - University of Colorado
FluxContact: Russell Monson Russell.Monson@colorado.edu - The University of Arizona
Lat, Long: 40.0329, -105.5464
Elevation(m): 3050
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.)
Climate Koeppen: Dfc (Subarctic: severe winter, no dry season, cool summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 1.5
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 800
Flux Species Measured: CO2, H2O
Years Data Collected: 1998 - Present
Years Data Available:

AmeriFlux BASE 1998 - 2023   Data Citation

AmeriFlux FLUXNET 1998 - 2016   Data Citation
Data Use Policy:AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1
Description:
The Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site is located in a subalpine forest ecosystem just below the Continental Divide near Nederland, CO. The site is located at ...
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URL: http://urquell.colorado.edu/data_ameriflux
Research Topics:
The objectives and topics include the following: 1) Quantify the potential of forests in the mountainous Western US to sequester carbon and the effects ...
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Acknowledgment: Funding for the AmeriFlux core site US-NR1 data was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
Site Tasks
  1. This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
    The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
Site Photo More Site Images
Image Credit: Sean Burns, 10/07/2014
Copyright preference: As long as credit is given
Site Publication More Site Publications
Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Turnipseed, A. A., Hu, J., Monson, R. K. 2015. The Influence Of Warm-Season Precipitation On The Diel Cycle Of The Surface Energy Balance And Carbon Dioxide At A Colorado Subalpine Forest Site, Biogeosciences, 12:23, 7349-7377.

US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-NR1 data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-NR1 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

  • AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246088
    Citation: Peter D. Blanken, Russel K. Monson, Sean P. Burns, David R. Bowling, Andrew A. Turnipseed (2024), AmeriFlux BASE US-NR1 Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1), Ver. 21-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246088
  • AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1871141
    Citation: Peter D. Blanken, Russel K. Monson, Sean P. Burns, David R. Bowling, Andrew A. Turnipseed (2022), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-NR1 Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1), Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1871141

Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

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Acknowledgments

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Resources

US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

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US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

Year Publication
2024 Webb, R., Knowles, J., Fox, A., Fabricus, A., Corrie, T., Mooney, K., Gallais, J., Frimpong, N., Akurugu, C., Barron‐Gafford, G., Blanken, P., Burns, S., Frank, J., Litvak, M. (2024) Energy‐Water Asynchrony Principally Determines Water Available For Runoff From Snowmelt In Continental Montane Forests, Hydrological Processes, 38(10), . https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15297
2022 Teets, A., Moore, D. J., Alexander, M. R., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Burns, S. P., Carbone, M. S., Ducey, M. J., Fraver, S., Gough, C. M., Hollinger, D. Y., Koch, G., Kolb, T., Munger, J. W., Novick, K. A., Ollinger, S. V., Ouimette, A. P., Pederson, N., Ricciuto, D. M., Seyednasrollah, B., Vogel, C. S., Richardson, A. D. (2022) Coupling Of Tree Growth And Photosynthetic Carbon Uptake Across Six North American Forests, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(4), . https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006690
2020 Xu, B., Arain, M. A., Black, T. A., Law, B. E., Pastorello, G. Z., Chu, H. (2020) Seasonal Variability Of Forest Sensitivity To Heat And Drought Stresses: A Synthesis Based On Carbon Fluxes From North American Forest Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 26(2), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14843
2021 Wang, Y., Köhler, P., He, L., Doughty, R., Braghiere, R. K., Wood, J. D., Frankenberg, C. (2021) Testing Stomatal Models At The Stand Level In Deciduous Angiosperm And Evergreen Gymnosperm Forests Using Clima Land (V0.1), Geoscientific Model Development, 14(11), 6741-6763. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6741-2021
2020 Tai, X., Anderegg, W. R., Blanken, P. D., Burns, S. P., Christensen, L., Brooks, P. D. (2020) Hillslope Hydrology Influences The Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Remotely Sensed Ecosystem Productivity, Water Resources Research, 56(11), . https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027630
2021 Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Massman, W. J., Patton, E. G., Blanken, P. D. (2021) The Effect Of Static Pressure-Wind Covariance On Vertical Carbon Dioxide Exchange At A Windy Subalpine Forest Site, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 306, 108402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108402
2021 Braghiere,R.K., Wang,Y., Doughty,R., Sousa,D., Magney,T., Widlowski,J.-L., Longo,M., Bloom,A.A., Worden,J., Gentine,P., Frankenberg,C. (2021) Accounting for canopy structure improves hyperspectral radiative transfer and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence representations in a new generation Earth System model, Remote Sensing of Environment, 261, . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112497
2021 Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2020 Knowles, J. F., Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Blanken, P. D., Burns, S. P., Dore, S., Kolb, T. E., Litvak, M. E., Barron‐Gafford, G. A. (2020) Montane Forest Productivity Across A Semiarid Climatic Gradient, Global Change Biology, 26(12), 6945-6958. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15335
2015 Knowles, J. F., Harpold, A. A., Cowie, R., Zeliff, M., Barnard, H. R., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Morse, J. F., Williams, M. W. (2015) The Relative Contributions Of Alpine And Subalpine Ecosystems To The Water Balance Of A Mountainous, Headwater Catchment, Hydrological Processes, 29(22), 4794-4808. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10526
2015 Knowles, J. F., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Monson, R. K. (2015) Fluxes Of Energy, Water, And Carbon Dioxide From Mountain Ecosystems At Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Plant Ecology & Diversity, 8(5-6), 663-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2014.904950
2009 Blanken, P. D., Williams, M. W., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K., Knowles, J. F., Chowanski, K., Ackerman, T. (2009) A Comparison Of Water And Carbon Dioxide Exchange At A Windy Alpine Tundra And Subalpine Forest Site Near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Biogeochemistry, 95(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9325-9
2019 Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517
2019 Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2603
2016 Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2012 Richardson, A. D., Anderson, R. S., Arain, M. A., Barr, A. G., Bohrer, G., Chen, G., Chen, J. M., Ciais, P., Davis, K. J., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Dragoni, D., Garrity, S. R., Gough, C. M., Grant, R., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Migliavacca, M., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Poulter, B., Raczka, B. M., Ricciuto, D. M., Sahoo, A. K., Schaefer, K., Tian, H., Vargas, R., Verbeeck, H., Xiao, J., Xue, Y. (2012) Terrestrial Biosphere Models Need Better Representation Of Vegetation Phenology: Results From The North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis, Global Change Biology, 18(2), 566-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02562.x
2013 Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.023
2014 Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K. A., Schäfer, K. V., Verbeeck, H. (2014) Characterizing The Diurnal Patterns of Errors in The Prediction of Evapotranspiration by Several Land-Surface Models: An Nacp Analysis, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(7), 1458-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002623
2015 Toomey, M., Friedl, M. A., Frolking, S., Hufkens, K., Klosterman, S., Sonnentag, O., Baldocchi, D. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Biraud, S. C., Bohrer, G., Brzostek, E., Burns, S. P., Coursolle, C., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Pallardy, S., Phillips, R. P., Torn, M. S., Wharton, S., Zeri, M., Richardson, A. D. (2015) Greenness Indices From Digital Cameras Predict The Timing And Seasonal Dynamics Of Canopy-Scale Photosynthesis, Ecological Applications, 25(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1
2017 Raczka, B., Biraud, S. C., Ehleringer, J. R., Lai, C., Miller, J. B., Pataki, D. E., Saleska, S. R., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, B. H., Wehr, R., Bowling, D. R. (2017) Does Vapor Pressure Deficit Drive The Seasonality Of δ13C Of The Net Land-Atmosphere Co2 Exchange Across The United States?, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(8), 1969-1987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003795
2015 Knowles, J. F., Harpold, A. A., Cowie, R., Zeliff, M., Barnard, H. R., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Morse, J. F., Williams, M. W. (2015) The Relative Contributions Of Alpine And Subalpine Ecosystems To The Water Balance Of A Mountainous, Headwater Catchment, Hydrological Processes, 29(22), 4794-4808. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10526
2015 Knowles, J. F., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Monson, R. K. (2015) Fluxes Of Energy, Water, And Carbon Dioxide From Mountain Ecosystems At Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Plant Ecology & Diversity, 8(5-6), 663-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2014.904950
2009 Bowling, D. R., Massman, W. J., Schaeffer, S. M., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K., Williams, M. W. (2009) Biological And Physical Influences On The Carbon Isotope Content Of Co2 In A Subalpine Forest Snowpack, Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Biogeochemistry, 95(1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9233-4
2008 ZOBITZ, J. M., BURNS, S. P., REICHSTEIN, M., BOWLING, D. R. (2008) Partitioning Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange And The Carbon Isotopic Disequilibrium In A Subalpine Forest, Global Change Biology, 14(8), 1785-1800. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01609.x
2008 Schaeffer, S. M., Anderson, D. E., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K., Sun, J., Bowling, D. R. (2008) Canopy Structure And Atmospheric Flows In Relation To The δ13c Of Respired Co2 In A Subalpine Coniferous Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 148(4), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003
2007 Zobitz, J. M., Burns, S. P., Ogée, J., Reichstein, M., Bowling, D. R. (2007) Partitioning Net Ecosystem Exchange Of Co2: A Comparison Of A Bayesian/Isotope Approach To Environmental Regression Methods, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 112(G3), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000282
2007 Sun, J., Burns, S. P., Delany, A. C., Oncley, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Stephens, B. B., Lenschow, D. H., LeMone, M. A., Monson, R. K., Anderson, D. E. (2007) Co2 Transport Over Complex Terrain, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 145(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.007
2009 Burns, S. P., Delany, A. C., Sun, J., Stephens, B. B., Oncley, S. P., Maclean, G. D., Semmer, S. R., Schröter, J., Ruppert, J. (2009) An Evaluation Of Calibration Techniques For In Situ Carbon Dioxide Measurements Using A Programmable Portable Trace-Gas Measuring System, Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 26(2), 291-316. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1080.1
2014 Burns, S. P., Molotch, N. P., Williams, M. W., Knowles, J. F., Seok, B., Monson, R. K., Turnipseed, A. A., Blanken, P. D. (2014) Snow Temperature Changes Within A Seasonal Snowpack And Their Relationship To Turbulent Fluxes Of Sensible And Latent Heat, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 15(1), 117-142. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-026.1
2012 Burns, S. P., Horst, T. W., Jacobsen, L., Blanken, P. D., Monson, R. K. (2012) Using Sonic Anemometer Temperature To Measure Sensible Heat Flux In Strong Winds, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 5(9), 2095-2111. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2095-2012
2006 Monson, R. K., Lipson, D. L., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Delany, A. C., Williams, M. W., Schmidt, S. K. (2006) Winter Forest Soil Respiration Controlled By Climate And Microbial Community Composition, Nature, 439(7077), 711-714. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04555
2006 Monson, R. K., Burns, S. P., Williams, M. W., Delany, A. C., Weintraub, M., Lipson, D. A. (2006) The Contribution Of Beneath-Snow Soil Respiration To Total Ecosystem Respiration In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(3), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002684
2008 Yi, C., Anderson, D. E., Turnipseed, A. A., Burns, S. P., Sparks, J. P., Stannard, D. I., Monson, R. K. (2008) The Contribution Of Advective Fluxes To Net Ecosystem Exchange In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Ecological Applications, 18(6), 1379-1390. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0908.1
2009 Blanken, P. D., Williams, M. W., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K., Knowles, J., Chowanski, K., Ackerman, T. (2009) A Comparison Of Water And Carbon Dioxide Exchange At A Windy Alpine Tundra And Subalpine Forest Site Near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Biogeochemistry, 95(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9325-9
2009 Oncley, S. P., Schwenz, K., Burns, S. P., Sun, J., Monson, R. K. (2009) A Cable-Borne Tram For Atmospheric Measurements Along Transects, Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 26(3), 462-473. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1158.1
2009 Turnipseed, A. A., Burns, S. P., Moore, D. J., Hu, J., Guenther, A. B., Monson, R. K. (2009) Controls Over Ozone Deposition To A High Elevation Subalpine Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 149(9), 1447-1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.04.001
2009 Bowling, D. R., Miller, J. B., Rhodes, M. E., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K., Baer, D. (2009) Soil, Plant, And Transport Influences On Methane In A Subalpine Forest Under High Ultraviolet Irradiance, Biogeosciences, 6(7), 1311-1324. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1311-2009
2010 Hu, J., Moore, D. J., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K. (2010) Longer Growing Seasons Lead To Less Carbon Sequestration By A Subalpine Forest, Global Change Biology, 16(2), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01967.x
2010 Monson, R. K., Prater, M. R., Hu, J., Burns, S. P., Sparks, J. P., Sparks, K. L., Scott-Denton, L. E. (2010) Tree Species Effects On Ecosystem Water-Use Efficiency In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Oecologia, 162(2), 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1465-z
2010 Hu, J., Moore, D. J., Riveros-Iregui, D. A., Burns, S. P., Monson, R. K. (2010) Modeling Whole-Tree Carbon Assimilation Rate Using Observed Transpiration Rates And Needle Sugar Carbon Isotope Ratios, New Phytologist, 185(4), 1000-1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03154.x
2016 Winchell, T. S., Barnard, D. M., Monson, R. K., Burns, S. P., Molotch, N. P. (2016) Earlier Snowmelt Reduces Atmospheric Carbon Uptake In Midlatitude Subalpine Forests, Geophysical Research Letters, 43(15), 8160-8168. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069769
2019 Swenson, S. C., Burns, S. P., Lawrence, D. M. (2019) The Impact Of Biomass Heat Storage On The Canopy Energy Balance And Atmospheric Stability In The Community Land Model, Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems, 11(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001476
2018 Berryman, E. M., Vanderhoof, M. K., Bradford, J. B., Hawbaker, T. J., Henne, P. D., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Birdsey, R. A., Ryan, M. G. (2018) Estimating Soil Respiration In A Subalpine Landscape Using Point, Terrain, Climate, And Greenness Data, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(10), 3231-3249. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004613
2018 Bowling, D. R., Logan, B. A., Hufkens, K., Aubrecht, D. M., Richardson, A. D., Burns, S. P., Anderegg, W. R., Blanken, P. D., Eiriksson, D. P. (2018) Limitations To Winter And Spring Photosynthesis Of A Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 252, 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.025
2019 Magney, T. S., Bowling, D. R., Logan, B. A., Grossmann, K., Stutz, J., Blanken, P. D., Burns, S. P., Cheng, R., Garcia, M. A., Kӧhler, P., Lopez, S., Parazoo, N. C., Raczka, B., Schimel, D., Frankenberg, C. (2019) Mechanistic Evidence For Tracking The Seasonality Of Photosynthesis With Solar-Induced Fluorescence, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 201900278. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900278116
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
2018 Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
2017 Albert, L. P., Keenan, T. F., Burns, S. P., Huxman, T. E., Monson, R. K. (2017) Climate Controls Over Ecosystem Metabolism: Insights From A Fifteen-Year Inductive Artificial Neural Network Synthesis For A Subalpine Forest, Oecologia, 184(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3853-0
2016 Berkelhammer, M., Noone, D. C., Wong, T. E., Burns, S. P., Knowles, J. F., Kaushik, A., Blanken, P. D., Williams, M. W. (2016) Convergent Approaches To Determine An Ecosystem’S Transpiration Fraction, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(6), 933-951. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005392
2014 Bowling, D. R., Ballantyne, A. P., Miller, J. B., Burns, S. P., Conway, T. J., Menzer, O., Stephens, B. B., Vaughn, B. H. (2014) Ecological Processes Dominate The13c Land Disequilibrium In A Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forest, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28(4), 352-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004686
2018 Burns, S. P., Swenson, S. C., Wieder, W. R., Lawrence, D. M., Bonan, G. B., Knowles, J. F., Blanken, P. D. (2018) A Comparison Of The Diel Cycle Of Modeled And Measured Latent Heat Flux During The Warm Season In A Colorado Subalpine Forest, Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems, . https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001248
2015 Knowles, J. F., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Monson, R. K. (2015) Fluxes Of Energy, Water, And Carbon Dioxide From Mountain Ecosystems At Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Plant Ecology & Diversity, 8(5-6), 663-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2014.904950
2016 Burns, S. P., Maclean, G. D., Blanken, P. D., Oncley, S. P., Semmer, S. R., Monson, R. K. (2016) The Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest Us-Nr1 Ameriflux Site – Part 1: Data Acquisition And Site Record-Keeping, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods And Data Systems, 5(2), 451-471. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-451-2016
2015 Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., Turnipseed, A. A., Hu, J., Monson, R. K. (2015) The Influence Of Warm-Season Precipitation On The Diel Cycle Of The Surface Energy Balance And Carbon Dioxide At A Colorado Subalpine Forest Site, Biogeosciences, 12(23), 7349-7377. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7349-2015
2015 Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010
2004 Turnipseed, A. A., Anderson, D. E., Burns, S., Blanken, P. D., Monson, R. K. (2004) Airflows And Turbulent Flux Measurements In Mountainous Terrain: Part 2: Mesoscale effects, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 125(3-4), 187-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.007
2004 Hui, D., Wan, S., Su, B., Katul, G., Monson, R., Luo, Y. (2004) Gap-Filling Missing Data In Eddy Covariance Measurements Using Multiple Imputation (MI) For Annual Estimations, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 121(1-2), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(03)00158-8
2006 Sacks, W. J., Schimel, D. S., Monson, R. K., Braswell, B. H. (2006) Model-Data Synthesis Of Diurnal And Seasonal CO2 Fluxes At Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Global Change Biology, 12(2), 240-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01059.x
2005 Arain, M. A., Restrepo-Coupe, N. (2005) Net Ecosystem Production In A Temperate Pine Plantation In Southeastern Canada, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 128(3-4), 223-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.10.003
2011 Riveros-Iregui, D.A., Hu, J., Burns, S.P., Bowling, D.R., Monson, R.K. (2011) An Interannual Assessment Of The Relationship Between The Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition Of Ecosystem Respiration And Climate In A High-Elevation Subalpine Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 116(G2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001556
2005 Sims, D. A., Rahman, A. F., Cordova, V. D., Baldocchi, D. D., Flanagan, L. B., Goldstein, A. H., Hollinger, D. Y., Misson, L., Monson, R. K., Schmid, H. P., Wofsy, S. C., Xu, L. (2005) Midday Values Of Gross CO2 Flux And Light Use Efficiency During Satellite Overpasses Can Be Used To Directly Estimate Eight-Day Mean Flux, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 131(1-2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.04.006
2003 Sparks, J. P., Roberts, J. M., Monson, R. K. (2003) The Uptake Of Gaseous Organic Nitrogen By Leaves: A Significant Global Nitrogen Transfer Process, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(23), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018578
1998 Reich, P. B., Walters, M. B., Ellsworth, D. S., Vose, J. M., Volin, J. C., Gresham, C., Bowman, W. D. (1998) Relationships Of Leaf Dark Respiration To Leaf Nitrogen, Specific Leaf Area And Leaf Life-Span: A Test Across Biomes And Functional Groups, Oecologia, 114(4), 471-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050471
2011 Burns, S. P., Sun, J., Lenschow, D. H., Oncley, S. P., Stephens, B. B., Yi, C., Anderson, D. E., Hu, J., Monson, R. K. (2011) Atmospheric Stability Effects On Wind Fields And Scalar Mixing Within And Just Above A Subalpine Forest In Sloping Terrain, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 138(2), 231-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9560-6
2005 Monson, R. K., Sparks, J. P., Rosenstiel, T. N., Scott-Denton, L. E., Huxman, T. E., Harley, P. C., Turnipseed, A. A., Burns, S. P., Backlund, B., Hu, J. (2005) Climatic Influences On Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange During The Transition From Wintertime Carbon Source To Springtime Carbon Sink In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Oecologia, 146(1), 130-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0169-2
2002 Monson, R. K., Turnipseed, A. A., Sparks, J. P., Harley, P. C., Scott-Denton, L. E., Sparks, K., Huxman, T. E. (2002) Carbon Sequestration In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Global Change Biology, 8(5), 459-478. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00480.x
2003 Turnipseed, A. A., Anderson, D. E., Blanken, P. D., Baugh, W. M., Monson, R. K. (2003) Airflows And Turbulent Flux Measurements In Mountainous Terrain: Part 1. Canopy and local effects, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 119(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(03)00136-9
2005 Hibbard, K. A., Law, B. E., Reichstein, M., Sulzman, J. (2005) An Analysis Of Soil Respiration Across Northern Hemisphere Temperate Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 73(1), 29-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-2946-0
2002 Schimel, D.S., Kittel, T.G.F., Running, S., Monson, R.K., Turnipseed, A.A., Anderson, D. (2002) Carbon Sequestration Studied In Western U.S. Mountains, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 83(40), 445-449. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000314
2005 Churkina, G., Schimel, D., Braswell, B. H., Xiao, X. (2005) Spatial Analysis Of Growing Season Length Control Over Net Ecosystem Exchange, Global Change Biology, 11(10), 1777-1787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001012.x
2010 Sun, J., Oncley, S. P., Burns, S. P., Stephens, B. B., Lenschow, D. H., Campos, T., Watt, A. S., Monson, R. K., Moore, D. J., Hu, J., Tschudi, M., Schimel, D. S., Aulenbach, S., Sacks, W. J., De Wekker, S. F., Lai, C., Lamb, B., Allwine, E., Coons, T., Ojima, D., Ellsworth, P. Z., Sternberg, L. S., Zhong, S., Clements, C., Anderson, D. E. (2010) A Multiscale And Multidisciplinary Investigation Of Ecosystem–Atmosphere CO2 Exchange Over The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado, Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society, 91(2), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2733.1
2011 Desai, A.R., Moore, D.J.P., Ahue, W.K.M., Wilkes, P.T.V., De Wekker, S.F.J., Brooks, B.G., Campos, T.L., Stephens, B.B., Monson, R.K., Burns, S.P., Quaife, T., Aulenbach, S.M., Schimel, D.S. (2011) Seasonal Pattern Of Regional Carbon Balance In The Central Rocky Mountains From Surface And Airborne Measurements, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 116(G04009), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001655
2004 Yi, C., Li, R., Bakwin, P. S., Desai, A., Ricciuto, D. M., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Wilson, K., Monson, R. K. (2004) A Nonparametric Method For Separating Photosynthesis And Respiration Components In CO2 Flux Measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 31(17), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020490
2003 Huxman, T. E., Turnipseed, A. A., Sparks, J. P., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K. (2003) Temperature As A Control Over Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest, Oecologia, 134(4), 537-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1131-1
2002 Turnipseed, A., Blanken, P., Anderson, D., Monson, R. (2002) Energy Budget Above A High-Elevation Subalpine Forest In Complex Topography, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 110(3), 177-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(01)00290-8
2005 Bowling, D. R., Burns, S. P., Conway, T. J., Monson, R. K., White, J. W. (2005) Extensive Observations Of Co2carbon Isotope Content In And Above A High-Elevation Subalpine Forest, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19(3), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002394
2005 Yi, C., Monson, R. K., Zhai, Z., Anderson, D. E., Lamb, B., Allwine, G., Turnipseed, A. A., Burns, S. P. (2005) Modeling And Measuring The Nocturnal Drainage Flow In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest With Complex Terrain, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 110(D22303), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006282
2016 Zscheischler, J., Fatichi, S., Wolf, S., Blanken, P., Bohrer, G., Clark, K., Desai, A., Hollinger, D., Keenan, T., Novick, K.A., Seneviratne, S.I. (2016) Short-term favorable weather conditions are an important control of interannual variability in carbon and water fluxes, Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 121(8), 2186-2198. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003503
2016 Wolf, S., Keenan, T.F., Fisher, J.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Desai, A.R., Richardson, A.D., Scott, R.L., Law, B.E., Litvak, M.E., Brunsell, N.A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T. (2016) Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113

US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-NR1: Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1)

Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.
  • Image scale: 777m x 777m
  • Data Collected:
    • Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
    Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

    Wind Speed (m/s)

  • Graph Type
  • Wind Speed Scale
  • Wind Direction Scale (%)
  • Show Satellite Image
  • Show Wind Rose
    • Annual Average
    About Ameriflux Wind Roses
    Wind Rose Explanation
    A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
    Utility
    This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
    Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
    Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
    Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
    Where do these data come from?
    The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
    Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
    To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
    To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
    Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
    Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
    Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
    Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
    Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
    Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
    Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
    Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am