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US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

Tower_team:
PI: Russell Scott russ.scott@ars.usda.gov - United States Department of Agriculture
Technician: Ross Bryant Ross.Bryant@ars.usda.gov - USDA-ARS-SWRC
Lat, Long: 31.7438, -110.0522
Elevation(m): 1370
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, LTAR, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: OSH (Open Shrublands: Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover between 10-60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous.)
Climate Koeppen: Bsk (Steppe: warm winter)
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 17.6
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 320
Flux Species Measured: CO2, H2O
Years Data Collected: 2007 - Present
Years Data Available:

AmeriFlux BASE 2007 - 2024   Data Citation

AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2007 - 2020   Data Citation
Data Use Policy:AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1
Description:
A semiarid Chihuahuan Desert shrubland located in the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) surrounding the town of Tombstone, AZ. The site ...
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URL: https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/tucson-az/southwest-watershed-research
Research Topics: Desert shrubland carbon and water cycling, ET partitioning, soil respiration
Acknowledgment: —
Site Tasks
  1. This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
    The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
Site Photo More Site Images
Image Credit: Russ Scott, 07/24/2017
Copyright preference: As long as credit is given
Site Publication More Site Publications
Scott, R.L., Biederman, J.A., Hamerlynck, E.P., Barron-Gafford, G. 2015. The carbon balance pivot point of southwestern U.S. semiarid ecosystems: Insights from the 21st century drought, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120, 2612-2624.

US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-Whs data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Whs data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

  • AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246113
    Citation: Russ Scott (2024), AmeriFlux BASE US-Whs Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub, Ver. 24-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246113
  • AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1984574
    Citation: Russ Scott (2023), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Whs Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub, Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1984574

Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

    —

Acknowledgments

    —

Resources

US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

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US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

Year Publication
2020 Hu, P., Tang, J., Fan, J., Shu, S., Hu, Z., Zhu, B. (2020) Incorporating A Rainfall Intensity Modification Factor γ Into The IA-, International Soil And Water Conservation Research, 8(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.07.004
2021 Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2019 Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517
2019 Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2603
2016 Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2017 Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Bell, T. W., Bowling, D. R., Dore, S., Garatuza-Payan, J., Kolb, T. E., Krishnan, P., Krofcheck, D. J., Litvak, M. E., Maurer, G. E., Meyers, T. P., Oechel, W. C., Papuga, S. A., Ponce-Campos, G. E., Rodriguez, J. C., Smith, W. K., Vargas, R., Watts, C. J., Yepez, E. A., Goulden, M. L. (2017) Co2 Exchange And Evapotranspiration Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 23(10), 4204-4221. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13686
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
2018 Smith, W. K., Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Moore, D. J., He, M., Kimball, J. S., Yan, D., Hudson, A., Barnes, M. L., MacBean, N., Fox, A. M., Litvak, M. E. (2018) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal And Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(2), 748-757. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075922
2010 Scott, R. L. (2010) Using Watershed Water Balance To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Eddy Covariance Evaporation Measurements For Three Semiarid Ecosystems, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 150(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.002
2007 Watts, C. J., Scott, R. L., Garatuza-Payan, J., Rodriguez, J. C., Prueger, J. H., Kustas, W. P., Douglas, M. (2007) Changes In Vegetation Condition And Surface Fluxes During NAME 2004, Journal Of Climate, 20(9), 1810-1820. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli4088.1
2015 Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Hamerlynck, E. P., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2015) The Carbon Balance Pivot Point Of Southwestern U.S. Semiarid Ecosystems: Insights From The 21st Century Drought, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120(12), 2612-2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003181
2009 Moran, M., Scott, R., Keefer, T., Emmerich, W., Hernandez, M., Nearing, G., Paige, G., Cosh, M., O’Neill, P. (2009) Partitioning Evapotranspiration In Semiarid Grassland And Shrubland Ecosystems Using Time Series Of Soil Surface Temperature, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 149(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.07.004
2016 Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Goulden, M. L., Vargas, R., Litvak, M. E., Kolb, T. E., Yepez, E. A., Oechel, W. C., Blanken, P. D., Bell, T. W., Garatuza-Payan, J., Maurer, G. E., Dore, S., Burns, S. P. (2016) Terrestrial Carbon Balance In A Drier World: The Effects Of Water Availability In Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 22(5), 1867-1879. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13222
2013 Hamerlynck, E. P., Scott, R. L., Sánchez-Cañete, E. P., Barron-Gafford, G. A. (2013) Nocturnal Soil CO2 Uptake And Its Relationship To Subsurface Soil And Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes In A Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 118(4), 1593-1603. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002495
2010 Moran, M. S., Hamerlynck, E. P., Scott, R. L., Stone, J. J., Holifield Collins, C. D., Keefer, T. O., Bryant, R., DeYoung, L., Nearing, G. S., Sugg, Z., Hymer, D. C. (2010) Hydrologic Response To Precipitation Pulses Under And Between Shrubs In The Chihuahuan Desert, Arizona, Water Resources Research, 46(W10509), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008842
2006 Scott, R. L., Huxman, T. E., Cable, W. L., Emmerich, W. E. (2006) Partitioning Of Evapotranspiration And Its Relation To Carbon Dioxide Exchange In A Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland, Hydrological Processes, 20(15), 3227-3243. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6329
2008 Li, F., Kustas, W. P., Anderson, M. C., Prueger, J. H., Scott, R. L. (2008) Effect Of Remote Sensing Spatial Resolution On Interpreting Tower-Based Flux Observations, Remote Sensing Of Environment, 112(2), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.032
2015 Scott, R.L., Biederman, J.A., Hamerlynck, E.P., Barron-Gafford, G. (2015) The carbon balance pivot point of southwestern U.S. semiarid ecosystems: Insights from the 21st century drought, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120, 2612-2624. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003181
2016 Wolf, S., Keenan, T.F., Fisher, J.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Desai, A.R., Richardson, A.D., Scott, R.L., Law, B.E., Litvak, M.E., Brunsell, N.A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T. (2016) Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113

US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-Whs: Walnut Gulch Lucky Hills Shrub

Wind Roses

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  • Image scale: 863m x 863m
  • Data Collected:
    • Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
    Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

    Wind Speed (m/s)

  • Graph Type
  • Wind Speed Scale
  • Wind Direction Scale (%)
  • Show Satellite Image
  • Show Wind Rose
    • Annual Average
    About Ameriflux Wind Roses
    Wind Rose Explanation
    A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
    Utility
    This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
    Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
    Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
    Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
    Where do these data come from?
    The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
    Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
    To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
    To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
    Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
    Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
    Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
    Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
    Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
    Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
    Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
    Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am