US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | Marcy Litvak mlitvak@unm.edu - University of New Mexico |
| DataManager: | Rae DeVan raedevan@unm.edu - University of New Mexico |
| Technician: | Anthony Luketich luketich@unm.edu - University of New Mexico |
| Lat, Long: | 35.8884, -106.5321 |
| Elevation(m): | 3030 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux |
| Vegetation IGBP: | ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Dfb (Warm Summer Continental: significant precipitation in all seasons ) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 6.4 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 646 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2, H2O |
| Years Data Collected: | 2007 - Present |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 2007 - 2023 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2007 - 2021 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | The Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer site is located in the 1200 km2 Jemez River basin in north-central New Mexico. Common to elevations ranging from 3040 ... The Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer site is located in the 1200 km2 Jemez River basin in north-central New Mexico. Common to elevations ranging from 3040 to 2740 m in the region, the mixed conifer stand, within the entirety of the tower footprint in all directions, provides an excellent setting for studying the seasonal interaction between snow and vegetation. In late May 2013, this site experienced a stand-replacing wildfire. It was a very hot fire that killed every single tree, and burned off a lot of surface organic matter. We have a big gap in fluxes from May 2013- Jan 2014. We were not even allowed in to the site until Oct 2013, and it took us 2-3 months to clean up the debris, remove burned infrastructure, have the tower structure assessed, and resinstrument the site. See MoreShow Less |
| URL: | http://www.litvaklab.org/subalpine-mixed-conifer.html |
| Research Topics: | Research topics and objectives include 1) To understand the coupled water and energy cycles in semiarid environments; 2) Quantify carbon, water and energy ... Research topics and objectives include 1) To understand the coupled water and energy cycles in semiarid environments; 2) Quantify carbon, water and energy fluxes in addition to inter-annual variability in these fluxes; 3) Quantify the extent to which water and carbon fluxes are controlled by soil moisture and rainfall, and the sensitivity of fluxes in this biome to changes in temperature and precipitation; 4) Quantify the impact of a stand replacing burn on carbon, water and energy fluxes, and how these fluxes change as the stand recovers. We were fortunate to have access to the Ameriflux rapid response tower to set up in a nearby unburned subalpine mixed conifer site to do this comparison. See MoreShow Less |
| Acknowledgment: | — |
- This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
Copyright preference: As long as credit is given
US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-Vcm data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Vcm data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246121
Citation: Marcy Litvak (2024), AmeriFlux BASE US-Vcm Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer, Ver. 26-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246121 - AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229391
Citation: Marcy Litvak (2023), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Vcm Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer, Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229391
Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
Publication(s) for citing site characterization
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Acknowledgments
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Resources
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US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site US-Vcm.
Note: Results are the number of downloads to distinct data users. The Download Count column indicates the number of times the data user downloaded the data. The Version column refers to the version of the data product for the site that was downloaded by the data user.
| Date | Name | Data Product | Version | Intended Use | Intended Use Description | Download Count |
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| Date | Name | Data Product | Vers. | Intended Use | Intended Use Description | Download Count |
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US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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| AmeriFlux Images | Add Image |
US-Vcm US-Vcm site visit
Keywords: —
Location: New Mexico, United States
View in Original Size
To download, right-click photo (Mac: control-click) and choose Save Image As
US-Vcm One year after Thompson Ridge fire in the Valles Caldera
Keywords: —
Location: New Mexico, United States
View in Original Size
To download, right-click photo (Mac: control-click) and choose Save Image As
US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data
PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .
No PhenoCam data for this siteGeoNEX Data Products
GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.
The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.
GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-Vcm, 35.8884, -106.5321.
Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.
Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel
Graph controls:
- Zoom: click-drag
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NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel:
DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
LST: Land Surface Temperature
Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel:
Citation
This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.
Subset Data Citation:
- Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.
Relevant Science Publication Citation:
GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.
- Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.
- Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.
US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Webb, R., Knowles, J., Fox, A., Fabricus, A., Corrie, T., Mooney, K., Gallais, J., Frimpong, N., Akurugu, C., Barron‐Gafford, G., Blanken, P., Burns, S., Frank, J., Litvak, M. (2024) Energy‐Water Asynchrony Principally Determines Water Available For Runoff From Snowmelt In Continental Montane Forests, Hydrological Processes, 38(10), . https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15297 |
| 2021 | Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350 |
| 2020 | Knowles, J. F., Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Blanken, P. D., Burns, S. P., Dore, S., Kolb, T. E., Litvak, M. E., Barron‐Gafford, G. A. (2020) Montane Forest Productivity Across A Semiarid Climatic Gradient, Global Change Biology, 26(12), 6945-6958. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15335 |
| 2019 | Senay, G. B., Schauer, M., Velpuri, N. M., Singh, R. K., Kagone, S., Friedrichs, M., Litvak, M. E., Douglas-Mankin, K. R. (2019) Long-Term (1986–2015) Crop Water Use Characterization Over The Upper Rio Grande Basin Of United States And Mexico Using Landsat-Based Evapotranspiration, Remote Sensing, 11(13), 1587. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/rs11131587 |
| 2019 | Remy, C. C., Krofcheck, D. J., Keyser, A. R., Litvak, M. E., Collins, S. L., Hurteau, M. D. (2019) Integrating Species‐Specific Information In Models Improves Regional Projections Under Climate Change, Geophysical Research Letters, 46(12), 6554-6562. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082762 |
| 2018 | Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306 |
| 2018 | Knowles, J. F., Molotch, N. P., Trujillo, E., Litvak, M. E. (2018) Snowmelt‐Driven Trade‐Offs Between Early And Late Season Productivity Negatively Impact Forest Carbon Uptake During Drought, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(7), 3087-3096. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076504 |
| 2018 | Perdrial, J., Brooks, P. D., Swetnam, T., Lohse, K. A., Rasmussen, C., Litvak, M., Harpold, A. A., Zapata-Rios, X., Broxton, P., Mitra, B., Meixner, T., Condon, K., Huckle, D., Stielstra, C., Vázquez-Ortega, A., Lybrand, R., Holleran, M., Orem, C., Pelletier, J., Chorover, J. (2018) A Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget For Snow Dominated Forested Headwater Catchments: Linking Water And Carbon Fluxes To Critical Zone Carbon Storage, Biogeochemistry, 138(3), 225-243. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10533-018-0440-3 |
| 2018 | Smith, W. K., Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Moore, D. J., He, M., Kimball, J. S., Yan, D., Hudson, A., Barnes, M. L., MacBean, N., Fox, A. M., Litvak, M. E. (2018) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal And Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(2), 748-757. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075922 |
| 2017 | Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Bell, T. W., Bowling, D. R., Dore, S., Garatuza-Payan, J., Kolb, T. E., Krishnan, P., Krofcheck, D. J., Litvak, M. E., Maurer, G. E., Meyers, T. P., Oechel, W. C., Papuga, S. A., Ponce-Campos, G. E., Rodriguez, J. C., Smith, W. K., Vargas, R., Watts, C. J., Yepez, E. A., Goulden, M. L. (2017) Co2 Exchange And Evapotranspiration Across Dryland Ecosystems Of Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 23(10), 4204-4221. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13686 |
| 2016 | Wolf, S., Keenan, T.F., Fisher, J.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Desai, A.R., Richardson, A.D., Scott, R.L., Law, B.E., Litvak, M.E., Brunsell, N.A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T. (2016) Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113 |
| 2016 | Wolf, S., Keenan, T. F., Fisher, J. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Desai, A. R., Richardson, A. D., Scott, R. L., Law, B. E., Litvak, M. E., Brunsell, N. A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. (2016) Warm Spring Reduced Carbon Cycle Impact Of The 2012 Us Summer Drought, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113 |
| 2016 | Biederman, J. A., Scott, R. L., Goulden, M. L., Vargas, R., Litvak, M. E., Kolb, T. E., Yepez, E. A., Oechel, W. C., Blanken, P. D., Bell, T. W., Garatuza-Payan, J., Maurer, G. E., Dore, S., Burns, S. P. (2016) Terrestrial Carbon Balance In A Drier World: The Effects Of Water Availability In Southwestern North America, Global Change Biology, 22(5), 1867-1879. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13222 |
| 2011 | Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Delong, J. P., Fox, A. M., Brese, D. A., Litvak, M. E. (2011) Differential Responses Of Production And Respiration To Temperature And Moisture Drive The Carbon Balance Across A Climatic Gradient In New Mexico, Global Change Biology, 17(1), 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02269.x |
US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
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BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
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US-Vcm: Valles Caldera Mixed Conifer
- Overview
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Wind Roses
Wind Speed (m/s)
Navigation
- Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
- Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
- Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
- Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux