US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

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Tower_team:
PI:	Benjamin R. K. Runkle brrunkle@uark.edu - University of Arkansas
AncContact:	Kosana Suvocarev ksuvocar@uark.edu - University of Arkansas
AncContact:	Michele L. Reba michele.reba@ars.usda.gov - USDA, ARS, DELTA WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH UNIT
Lat, Long:	34.5852, -91.7517
Elevation(m):	—
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP:	CRO (Croplands: Lands covered with temporary crops followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Note that perennial woody crops will be classified as the appropriate forest or shrub land cover type.)
Climate Koeppen:	Cfa (Humid Subtropical: mild with no dry season, hot summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	16.7
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	1250
Flux Species Measured:	CO2, H, H2O, CH4
Years Data Collected:	2015 - 2017
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 2015 - 2017 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy¹
Description:	Zero grade rice field (25 ha) under continuous rice operation for > 10 years
URL:	—
Research Topics:	Agriculture, carbon balance, water balance
Acknowledgment:	—

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Site Publication More Site Publications

Runkle, B. R., Suvočarev, K., Reba, M. L., Reavis, C. W., Smith, S. F., Chiu, Y., Fong, B. 2019. Methane Emission Reductions From The Alternate Wetting And Drying Of Rice Fields Detected Using The Eddy Covariance Method, Environmental Science & Technology, 53:2, 671-681.

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-HRA data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-HRA data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1543376
Citation: Benjamin R. K. Runkle (2021), AmeriFlux BASE US-HRA Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A, Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1543376

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

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Acknowledgments

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Resources

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US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

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US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

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Search Images for this Site Images found : 4

AmeriFlux Images

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2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6256
**Description:**
2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6256
Keywords: —
**Site ID:** US-HRA
**Location:**
—
**Journal:** —
**Article Title:** —
**Copyright Permissions:** —
**Right to Use:** Request for permission

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2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6268
**Description:**
2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6268
Keywords: —
**Site ID:** US-HRA
**Location:**
—
**Journal:** —
**Article Title:** —
**Copyright Permissions:** —
**Right to Use:** Request for permission

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US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

Overview
Windroses
Data Citation
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Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
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MODIS NDVI

The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality

To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.

For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

Citation:

ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567

Read more on how to cite these MODIS products. Data come from NASA’s MODIS instruments installed on satellites Terra and Aqua, which scan the entire Earth’s surface every one to two days.

MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.

For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .

PhenoCam sites for US-HRA:

humnokericea

Use the links below to explore camera images and interactive timeseries for these sites.

PhenoCam site: humnokericea

Green Chromatic Coordinate Time Series

ROI: AG_1000

Citation:

B. Seyednasrollah, A. M. Young, K. Hufkens, T. Milliman, M. A. Friedl, S. Frolking, and A. D. Richardson. Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse biomes using version 2.0 of the phenocam dataset. Scientific Data, 6(1):222, 2019. doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0229-9

Camera Imagery
 Milliman, T., B. Seyednasrollah, A.M. Young, K. Hufkens, M.A. Friedl, S. Frolking, A.D. Richardson, M. Abraha, D.W. Allen, M. Apple, M.A. Arain, J.M. Baker, D. Baldocchi, C.J. Bernacchi, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Blanken, D.D. Bosch, R. Boughton, E.H. Boughton, R.F. Brown, D.M. Browning, N. Brunsell, S.P. Burns, M. Cavagna, H. Chu, P.E. Clark, B.J. Conrad, E. Cremonese, D. Debinski, A.R. Desai, R. Diaz-Delgado, L. Duchesne, A.L. Dunn, D.M. Eissenstat, T. El-Madany, D.S.S. Ellum, S.M. Ernest, A. Esposito, L. Fenstermaker, L.B. Flanagan, B. Forsythe, J. Gallagher, D. Gianelle, T. Griffis, P. Groffman, L. Gu, J. Guillemot, M. Halpin, P.J. Hanson, D. Hemming, A.A. Hove, E.R. Humphreys, A. Jaimes-Hernandez, A.A. Jaradat, J. Johnson, E. Keel, V.R. Kelly, J.W. Kirchner, P.B. Kirchner, M. Knapp, M. Krassovski, O. Langvall, G. Lanthier, G.l. Maire, E. Magliulo, T.A. Martin, B. McNeil, G.A. Meyer, M. Migliavacca, B.P. Mohanty, C.E. Moore, R. Mudd, J.W. Munger, Z.E. Murrell, Z. Nesic, H.S. Neufeld, W. Oechel, A.C. Oishi, W.W. Oswald, T.D. Perkins, M.L. Reba, B. Rundquist, B.R. Runkle, E.S. Russell, E.J. Sadler, A. Saha, N.Z. Saliendra, L. Schmalbeck, M.D. Schwartz, R.L. Scott, E.M. Smith, O. Sonnentag, P. Stoy, S. Strachan, K. Suvocarev, J.E. Thom, R.Q. Thomas, A.K. Van den berg, R. Vargas, J. Verfaillie, C.S. Vogel, J.J. Walker, N. Webb, P. Wetzel, S. Weyers, A.V. Whipple, T.G. Whitham, G. Wohlfahrt, J.D. Wood, J. Yang, X. Yang, G. Yenni, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and D. Zona. 2019. PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Digital Camera Imagery from the PhenoCam Network, 2000-2018. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1689

Green Chromatic Coordinate Time Series 
Seyednasrollah, B., A.M. Young, K. Hufkens, T. Milliman, M.A. Friedl, S. Frolking, A.D. Richardson, M. Abraha, D.W. Allen, M. Apple, M.A. Arain, J. Baker, J.M. Baker, D. Baldocchi, C.J. Bernacchi, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Blanken, D.D. Bosch, R. Boughton, E.H. Boughton, R.F. Brown, D.M. Browning, N. Brunsell, S.P. Burns, M. Cavagna, H. Chu, P.E. Clark, B.J. Conrad, E. Cremonese, D. Debinski, A.R. Desai, R. Diaz-Delgado, L. Duchesne, A.L. Dunn, D.M. Eissenstat, T. El-Madany, D.S.S. Ellum, S.M. Ernest, A. Esposito, L. Fenstermaker, L.B. Flanagan, B. Forsythe, J. Gallagher, D. Gianelle, T. Griffis, P. Groffman, L. Gu, J. Guillemot, M. Halpin, P.J. Hanson, D. Hemming, A.A. Hove, E.R. Humphreys, A. Jaimes-Hernandez, A.A. Jaradat, J. Johnson, E. Keel, V.R. Kelly, J.W. Kirchner, P.B. Kirchner, M. Knapp, M. Krassovski, O. Langvall, G. Lanthier, G.l. Maire, E. Magliulo, T.A. Martin, B. McNeil, G.A. Meyer, M. Migliavacca, B.P. Mohanty, C.E. Moore, R. Mudd, J.W. Munger, Z.E. Murrell, Z. Nesic, H.S. Neufeld, T.L. O'Halloran, W. Oechel, A.C. Oishi, W.W. Oswald, T.D. Perkins, M.L. Reba, B. Rundquist, B.R. Runkle, E.S. Russell, E.J. Sadler, A. Saha, N.Z. Saliendra, L. Schmalbeck, M.D. Schwartz, R.L. Scott, E.M. Smith, O. Sonnentag, P. Stoy, S. Strachan, K. Suvocarev, J.E. Thom, R.Q. Thomas, A.K. Van den berg, R. Vargas, J. Verfaillie, C.S. Vogel, J.J. Walker, N. Webb, P. Wetzel, S. Weyers, A.V. Whipple, T.G. Whitham, G. Wohlfahrt, J.D. Wood, S. Wolf, J. Yang, X. Yang, G. Yenni, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and D. Zona. 2019. PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Vegetation Phenology from Digital Camera Imagery, 2000-2018. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1674

GeoNEX Data Products

GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.

The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.

GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site US-HRA, 34.5852, -91.7517.

Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.

Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel

Graph controls:

Zoom: click-drag
Pan: shift-click-drag
Restore zoom level: double-click
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

All download requests will be logged.

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

No NDVI data have been received for site US-HRA.

NDVI (unitless)

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

No NIRv data have been received for site US-HRA.

NIRv (unitless)

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

No DSR data have been received for site US-HRA.

Shortwave Radiation (W/m2)

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

LST: Land Surface Temperature

No LST data have been received for site US-HRA.

LST (K)

Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

Citation

This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.

Subset Data Citation:

Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.

Relevant Science Publication Citation:

GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)

Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.

GeoNEX Surface Downward Solar Radiation (DSR):

Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.

GeoNEX Land Surface Temperature (LST):

Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

Overview
Windroses
Data Citation
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Image Gallery
Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
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Search Publications for this Site Publications Found: 4

AmeriFlux Publications

Add Publication

Year	Publication
2023	Leavitt, M., Moreno-García, B., Reavis, C. W., Reba, M. L., Runkle, B. R. (2023) The Effect Of Water Management And Ratoon Rice Cropping On Methane Emissions And Yield In Arkansas, Agriculture, Ecosystems &Amp; Environment, 356, 108652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108652
2019	Runkle, B. R., Suvočarev, K., Reba, M. L., Reavis, C. W., Smith, S. F., Chiu, Y., Fong, B. (2019) Methane Emission Reductions From The Alternate Wetting And Drying Of Rice Fields Detected Using The Eddy Covariance Method, Environmental Science & Technology, 53(2), 671-681. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05535
2019	Suvočarev, K., Castellví, F., Reba, M., Runkle, B. (2019) Surface Renewal Measurements Of H, λE And Co2 Fluxes Over Two Different Agricultural Systems, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 279, 107763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107763
2017	Benjamin R. K. Runkle, James R. Rigbyb, Michele L. Rebac, Saseendran S. Anapallid, Joydeep Bhattacharjeee, Ken W. Kraussf, Lu Liangg, Martin A. Locke, Kimberly A. Novick, Ruixiu Suid, Kosana Suvočareva and Paul M. White (2017) Delta-Flux: An Eddy Covariance Network for a Climate-Smart Lower Mississippi Basin, Agricultural & Environmental Letters, 2(1), 170003 - 170003. https://doi.org/10.2134/ael2017.01.0003

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

Overview
Windroses
Data Citation
Data Use Log
Image Gallery
Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
- GeoNEX
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BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

Download BADM for this site^*

View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)^*

Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship

Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)

More BADM resources

^* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

Overview
Windroses
Data Citation
Data Use Log
Image Gallery
Remote Sensing Data
- MODIS
- PhenoCam
- GeoNEX
Publications
BADM

Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.

Image scale: 836m x 836m

Image scale: 1671m x 1671m

Data Collected: 2015 - 2017

Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

Wind Speed (m/s)

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Annual Annual Average

Mar-Jun 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Jun-Sep 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Sep-Dec 6AM to 6PM 6PM to 6AM

Dec-Mar Not available Not available

Graph Type

Wind Speed Scale

Wind Direction Scale (%)

Show Satellite Image

Show Wind Rose

Annual Average

About Ameriflux Wind Roses

Wind Rose Explanation

A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles

Utility

This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.

Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.

Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.

Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.

Where do these data come from?

The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.

Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses

To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site

To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux

Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm

Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am

Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm

Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am

Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm

Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am

Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm

No windrose data is available at this time.

Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am

No windrose data is available at this time.

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

DOI(s) for citing US-HRA data

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

Acknowledgments

Resources

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6256

2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6256

2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6268

2015.US.HRA.Sitevisit.IMG_6268

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

MODIS NDVI

PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

Citation:

GeoNEX Data Products

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

LST: Land Surface Temperature

Citation

Subset Data Citation:

Relevant Science Publication Citation:

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

BADM for This Site

US-HRA: Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A

Wind Roses

Wind Speed (m/s)

Navigation