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US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

Tower_team:
PI: Sebastien Biraud SCBiraud@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
AncContact: Margaret Torn mstorn@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
AncContact: Stephen Chan SWChan@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lat, Long: 36.6058, -97.4888
Elevation(m): 314
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: CRO (Croplands: Lands covered with temporary crops followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Note that perennial woody crops will be classified as the appropriate forest or shrub land cover type.)
Climate Koeppen: Cfa (Humid Subtropical: mild with no dry season, hot summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 14.76
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 843
Flux Species Measured: CO2, H2O
Years Data Collected: 2002 - Present
Years Data Available:

AmeriFlux BASE 2003 - 2024   Data Citation

AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2003 - 2023   Data Citation
Data Use Policy:AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1
Description:
Central facility tower crop field (winter wheat, corn, soy, alfalfa). The site also has continuous measurements of precise mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, ...
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URL: http://www.arm.gov/sites/sgp
Research Topics:
The research focus of the ARM SGP Main site is carbon dioxide and water dynamics at a regional scale; influence of the land surface on carbon dioxide in ...
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Acknowledgment: This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM)
Site Tasks
  1. This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
    The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
Site Photo More Site Images
Image Credit: Sebastien Biraud, 05/18/2016
Copyright preference: Open use
Site Publication More Site Publications
Raz-Yaseef, N., Billesbach, D. P., Fischer, M. L., Biraud, S. C., Gunter, S. A., Bradford, J. A., Torn, M. S. 2015. Vulnerability Of Crops And Native Grasses To Summer Drying In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 213, 209-218.

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-ARM data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-ARM data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

  • AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246027
    Citation: Sebastien Biraud, Marc Fischer, Stephen Chan, Margaret Torn (2024), AmeriFlux BASE US-ARM ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont, Ver. 13-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246027
  • AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1854366
    Citation: Sebastien Biraud, Marc Fischer, Stephen Chan, Margaret Torn (2024), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-ARM ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont, Ver. 4-6, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1854366

Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

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Acknowledgments

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Resources

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

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US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

Year Publication
2021 Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2019 Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517
2019 Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2603
2016 Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2013 Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.023
2014 Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K. A., Schäfer, K. V., Verbeeck, H. (2014) Characterizing The Diurnal Patterns of Errors in The Prediction of Evapotranspiration by Several Land-Surface Models: An Nacp Analysis, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(7), 1458-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002623
2009 Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Fischer, M. L., Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A. (2009) Regional Co2and Latent Heat Surface Fluxes In The Southern Great Plains: Measurements, Modeling, And Scaling, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 114(G4), . https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001003
2009 Still, C. J., Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Noone, D. C., Buenning, N. H., Randerson, J. T., Torn, M. S., Welker, J., White, J. W., Vachon, R., Farquhar, G. D., Berry, J. A. (2009) Influence Of Clouds And Diffuse Radiation On Ecosystem-Atmosphere Co2and Co18o Exchanges, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 114(G1), . https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000675
2011 Torn, M. S., Biraud, S. C., Still, C. J., Riley, W. J., Berry, J. A. (2011) Seasonal And Interannual Variability In 13c Composition Of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Tellus B: Chemical And Physical Meteorology, 63(2), 181-195. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00519.x
2014 Williams, I. N., Riley, W. J., Torn, M. S., Biraud, S. C., Fischer, M. L. (2014) Biases In Regional Carbon Budgets From Covariation Of Surface Fluxes And Weather In Transport Model Inversions, Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 14(3), 1571-1585. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1571-2014
2014 Wharton, S., Simpson, M., Osuna, J., Newman, J., Biraud, S. (2014) Role Of Surface Energy Exchange For Simulating Wind Turbine Inflow: A Case Study In The Southern Great Plains, Usa, Atmosphere, 6(1), 21-49. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6010021
2015 Toomey, M., Friedl, M. A., Frolking, S., Hufkens, K., Klosterman, S., Sonnentag, O., Baldocchi, D. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Biraud, S. C., Bohrer, G., Brzostek, E., Burns, S. P., Coursolle, C., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Pallardy, S., Phillips, R. P., Torn, M. S., Wharton, S., Zeri, M., Richardson, A. D. (2015) Greenness Indices From Digital Cameras Predict The Timing And Seasonal Dynamics Of Canopy-Scale Photosynthesis, Ecological Applications, 25(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1
2016 Williams, I. N., Riley, W. J., Kueppers, L. M., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S. (2016) Separating The Effects Of Phenology And Diffuse Radiation On Gross Primary Productivity In Winter Wheat, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(7), 1903-1915. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003317
2016 Williams, I. N., Lu, Y., Kueppers, L. M., Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Bagley, J. E., Torn, M. S. (2016) Land-Atmosphere Coupling And Climate Prediction Over The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(20), 12,125-12,144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025223
2017 Raczka, B., Biraud, S. C., Ehleringer, J. R., Lai, C., Miller, J. B., Pataki, D. E., Saleska, S. R., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, B. H., Wehr, R., Bowling, D. R. (2017) Does Vapor Pressure Deficit Drive The Seasonality Of δ13C Of The Net Land-Atmosphere Co2 Exchange Across The United States?, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(8), 1969-1987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003795
2017 Baker, I. T., Sellers, P. J., Denning, A. S., Medina, I., Kraus, P., Haynes, K. D., Biraud, S. C. (2017) Closing The Scale Gap Between Land Surface Parameterizations And Gcms With A New Scheme, Sib3-Bins, Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems, 9(1), 691-711. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000764
2018 McCombs, A. G., Hiscox, A. L., Wang, C., Desai, A. R., Suyker, A. E., Biraud, S. C. (2018) Carbon Flux Phenology From The Sky: Evaluation For Maize And Soybean, Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 35(4), 877-892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0004.1
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
2019 Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
2018 Baldocchi, D., Penuelas, J. (2018) The Physics And Ecology Of Mining Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere By Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, . https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14559
2017 Bagley, J. E., Kueppers, L. M., Billesbach, D. P., Williams, I. N., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S. (2017) The Influence Of Land Cover On Surface Energy Partitioning And Evaporative Fraction Regimes In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(11), 5793-5807. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026740
2007 Fischer, M. L., Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A., Riley, W. J., Torn, M. S. (2007) Spatiotemporal Variations In Growing Season Exchanges Of Co2, H2o, And Sensible Heat In Agricultural Fields Of The Southern Great Plains, Earth Interactions, 11(17), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI231.1
2017 Lu, Y., Williams, I. N., Bagley, J. E., Torn, M. S., Kueppers, L. M. (2017) Representing Winter Wheat In The Community Land Model (Version 4.5), Geoscientific Model Development, 10(5), 1873-1888. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1873-2017
2015 Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010
2015 Raz-Yaseef, N., Billesbach, D. P., Fischer, M. L., Biraud, S. C., Gunter, S. A., Bradford, J. A., Torn, M. S. (2015) Vulnerability Of Crops And Native Grasses To Summer Drying In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 213, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.021

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.
  • Image scale: 815m x 815m
  • Data Collected:
    • Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
    Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

    Wind Speed (m/s)

  • Graph Type
  • Wind Speed Scale
  • Wind Direction Scale (%)
  • Show Satellite Image
  • Show Wind Rose
    • Annual Average
    About Ameriflux Wind Roses
    Wind Rose Explanation
    A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles
    Utility
    This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.
    Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.
    Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.
    Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.
    Where do these data come from?
    The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.
    Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses
    To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site
    To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:
    • Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
    • Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux
    Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm
    Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am
    Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm
    Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am
    Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm
    Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am
    Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm
    Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am