Tower_team:
PI:	Sebastien Biraud SCBiraud@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
AncContact:	Margaret Torn mstorn@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
AncContact:	Stephen Chan SWChan@lbl.gov - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lat, Long:	36.6058, -97.4888
Elevation(m):	314
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP:	CRO (Croplands: Lands covered with temporary crops followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Note that perennial woody crops will be classified as the appropriate forest or shrub land cover type.)
Climate Koeppen:	Cfa (Humid Subtropical: mild with no dry season, hot summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	14.76
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	843
Flux Species Measured:	CO2, H2O
Years Data Collected:	2002 - Present
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 2003 - 2024 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2003 - 2023 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy¹
Description:	Central facility tower crop field (winter wheat, corn, soy, alfalfa). The site also has continuous measurements of precise mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, ... Central facility tower crop field (winter wheat, corn, soy, alfalfa). The site also has continuous measurements of precise mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, and isotopic ratio of 13CO2. In addition to 4 m system, there are sonic anemometers at 25 m and 60 m. See More Show Less
URL:	http://www.arm.gov/sites/sgp
Research Topics:	The research focus of the ARM SGP Main site is carbon dioxide and water dynamics at a regional scale; influence of the land surface on carbon dioxide in ... The research focus of the ARM SGP Main site is carbon dioxide and water dynamics at a regional scale; influence of the land surface on carbon dioxide in the boundary layer; and land-atmosphere interactions for example involving convection. See More Show Less
Acknowledgment:	This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM)

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This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if this site’s data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

US-ARM

Site Photo More Site Images

Image Credit: Sebastien Biraud, 05/18/2016
Copyright preference: Open use

Site Publication More Site Publications

Raz-Yaseef, N., Billesbach, D. P., Fischer, M. L., Biraud, S. C., Gunter, S. A., Bradford, J. A., Torn, M. S. 2015. Vulnerability Of Crops And Native Grasses To Summer Drying In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 213, 209-218.

Year	Publication
2021	Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2019	Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
2019	Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
2019	Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2603
2019	Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13517
2018	Baldocchi, D., Penuelas, J. (2018) The Physics And Ecology Of Mining Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere By Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, . https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14559
2018	McCombs, A. G., Hiscox, A. L., Wang, C., Desai, A. R., Suyker, A. E., Biraud, S. C. (2018) Carbon Flux Phenology From The Sky: Evaluation For Maize And Soybean, Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 35(4), 877-892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0004.1
2017	Lu, Y., Williams, I. N., Bagley, J. E., Torn, M. S., Kueppers, L. M. (2017) Representing Winter Wheat In The Community Land Model (Version 4.5), Geoscientific Model Development, 10(5), 1873-1888. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1873-2017
2017	Bagley, J. E., Kueppers, L. M., Billesbach, D. P., Williams, I. N., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S. (2017) The Influence Of Land Cover On Surface Energy Partitioning And Evaporative Fraction Regimes In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(11), 5793-5807. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026740
2017	Baker, I. T., Sellers, P. J., Denning, A. S., Medina, I., Kraus, P., Haynes, K. D., Biraud, S. C. (2017) Closing The Scale Gap Between Land Surface Parameterizations And Gcms With A New Scheme, Sib3-Bins, Journal Of Advances In Modeling Earth Systems, 9(1), 691-711. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000764
2017	Raczka, B., Biraud, S. C., Ehleringer, J. R., Lai, C., Miller, J. B., Pataki, D. E., Saleska, S. R., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, B. H., Wehr, R., Bowling, D. R. (2017) Does Vapor Pressure Deficit Drive The Seasonality Of δ13C Of The Net Land-Atmosphere Co2 Exchange Across The United States?, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(8), 1969-1987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003795
2016	Williams, I. N., Lu, Y., Kueppers, L. M., Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Bagley, J. E., Torn, M. S. (2016) Land-Atmosphere Coupling And Climate Prediction Over The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(20), 12,125-12,144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025223
2016	Williams, I. N., Riley, W. J., Kueppers, L. M., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S. (2016) Separating The Effects Of Phenology And Diffuse Radiation On Gross Primary Productivity In Winter Wheat, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121(7), 1903-1915. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003317
2016	Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2015	Raz-Yaseef, N., Billesbach, D. P., Fischer, M. L., Biraud, S. C., Gunter, S. A., Bradford, J. A., Torn, M. S. (2015) Vulnerability Of Crops And Native Grasses To Summer Drying In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 213, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.021
2015	Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207, 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.010
2015	Toomey, M., Friedl, M. A., Frolking, S., Hufkens, K., Klosterman, S., Sonnentag, O., Baldocchi, D. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Biraud, S. C., Bohrer, G., Brzostek, E., Burns, S. P., Coursolle, C., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Pallardy, S., Phillips, R. P., Torn, M. S., Wharton, S., Zeri, M., Richardson, A. D. (2015) Greenness Indices From Digital Cameras Predict The Timing And Seasonal Dynamics Of Canopy-Scale Photosynthesis, Ecological Applications, 25(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1890/14-0005.1
2014	Wharton, S., Simpson, M., Osuna, J., Newman, J., Biraud, S. (2014) Role Of Surface Energy Exchange For Simulating Wind Turbine Inflow: A Case Study In The Southern Great Plains, Usa, Atmosphere, 6(1), 21-49. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6010021
2014	Williams, I. N., Riley, W. J., Torn, M. S., Biraud, S. C., Fischer, M. L. (2014) Biases In Regional Carbon Budgets From Covariation Of Surface Fluxes And Weather In Transport Model Inversions, Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 14(3), 1571-1585. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1571-2014
2014	Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K. A., Schäfer, K. V., Verbeeck, H. (2014) Characterizing The Diurnal Patterns of Errors in The Prediction of Evapotranspiration by Several Land-Surface Models: An Nacp Analysis, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(7), 1458-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002623
2013	Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.023
2011	Torn, M. S., Biraud, S. C., Still, C. J., Riley, W. J., Berry, J. A. (2011) Seasonal And Interannual Variability In 13c Composition Of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes In The U.S. Southern Great Plains, Tellus B: Chemical And Physical Meteorology, 63(2), 181-195. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00519.x
2009	Still, C. J., Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Noone, D. C., Buenning, N. H., Randerson, J. T., Torn, M. S., Welker, J., White, J. W., Vachon, R., Farquhar, G. D., Berry, J. A. (2009) Influence Of Clouds And Diffuse Radiation On Ecosystem-Atmosphere Co2and Co18o Exchanges, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 114(G1), . https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000675
2009	Riley, W. J., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Fischer, M. L., Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A. (2009) Regional Co2and Latent Heat Surface Fluxes In The Southern Great Plains: Measurements, Modeling, And Scaling, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 114(G4), . https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001003
2007	Fischer, M. L., Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A., Riley, W. J., Torn, M. S. (2007) Spatiotemporal Variations In Growing Season Exchanges Of Co2, H2o, And Sensible Heat In Agricultural Fields Of The Southern Great Plains, Earth Interactions, 11(17), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI231.1

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

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US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

DOI(s) for citing US-ARM data

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

Acknowledgments

Resources

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

Hay rolle

Flux system at US-ARM

Radiation boom

US-ARM CO2FLX tower

US-ARM 4m systems

US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

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GeoNEX Data Products

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

LST: Land Surface Temperature

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US-ARM: ARM Southern Great Plains site- Lamont

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