BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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| Tower_team: | |
| PI: | Scott Saleska saleska@email.arizona.edu - University of Arizona |
| AncContact: | Steve Wofsy swofsy@seas.harvard.edu - Harvard University |
| FluxContact: | Natalia Restrepo-Coupe nataliacoupe@gmail.com - University of Arizona |
| Lat, Long: | -2.8567, -54.9589 |
| Elevation(m): | 88 |
| Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux, LBA |
| Vegetation IGBP: | EBF (Evergreen Broadleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees and shrubs remain green year round. Canopy is never without green foliage.) |
| Climate Koeppen: | Am (Tropical monsoon) |
| Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 26.13 |
| Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 2074.79 |
| Flux Species Measured: | CO2 |
| Years Data Collected: | 2002 - Present |
| Years Data Available: | AmeriFlux BASE 2002 - 2011 Data Citation |
| Data Use Policy: | AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy1 |
| Description: | The LBA Tapajos KM67 Mature Forest site is located in the Tapajos National Forest, a 450,000 ha closed-canopy upland forest in Amazonian Brazil. Bounded ... The LBA Tapajos KM67 Mature Forest site is located in the Tapajos National Forest, a 450,000 ha closed-canopy upland forest in Amazonian Brazil. Bounded by the Tapajos River in the west and highway BR-163 to the east, the tower is located on a flat plateau (or planalto) that extends up to 150 km to the north, south, and east. Within the confines of the National Forest, anthropogenic disturbances are limited to a few small hunting trails. The surrounding stand is classified as primary or "old-growth"" predominantly by its uneven age distribution, emergent trees, numerous epiphytes and abundant large logs. In 2007 falling trees hit the tower guy wires rendering all instrumentation in-operational. After a complete restoration tower measurements resumed in August of 2008. See MoreShow Less |
| URL: | http://atmos.seas.harvard.edu/lab/brazil/index.html |
| Research Topics: | The research and science objectives of the LBA Tapajos KM67 Mature Forest site are as follows: 1) Investigate the long-term interannual variance of carbon ... The research and science objectives of the LBA Tapajos KM67 Mature Forest site are as follows: 1) Investigate the long-term interannual variance of carbon exchange in old-growth Amazonian forests; 2) Determine the controls on seasonal and inter-annual variations of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, respiration, and photosynthesis, and water exchange; 3) Examine the seasonal limitations of forest growth; 4) Demonstrate that observed sub-canopy horizontal CO2 gradients and wind transport processes yield significant mean net transport of CO2 into or out of the control volume; 5) Examine forest biomass and dynamics at varying spatial scales. (Pyle et al., 2008, Tota et al., 2008, Hutyra et al., 2007) See MoreShow Less |
| Acknowledgment: | — |
- This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
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BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing BR-Sa1 data
Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if BR-Sa1 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
- AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1245994
Citation: Scott Saleska (2019), AmeriFlux BASE BR-Sa1 Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest, Ver. 5-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1245994
To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.
Publication(s) for citing site characterization
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Resources
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BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site BR-Sa1.
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| Date | Name | Data Product | Version | Intended Use | Intended Use Description | Download Count |
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BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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| AmeriFlux Images | Add Image |
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BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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MODIS NDVI
The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.
For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
Citation:
ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567
MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.
For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.
PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data
PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .
No PhenoCam data for this siteGeoNEX Data Products
GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.
The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.
GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site BR-Sa1, -2.8567, -54.9589.
Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.
Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel
Lat: -2.8300 Long: -54.9800
BR-Sa1
Graph controls:
- Zoom: click-drag
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- Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.
All download requests will be logged.
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: -2.8300 Long: -54.9800
NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: -2.8300 Long: -54.9800
DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation
Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: -2.8300 Long: -54.9800
LST: Land Surface Temperature
Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly
Coordinates for pixel: Lat: -2.8400 Long: -54.9800
Citation
This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.
Subset Data Citation:
- Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.
Relevant Science Publication Citation:
GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.
- Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.
- Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.
BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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| AmeriFlux Publications | Add Publication |
| Year | Publication |
|---|---|
| 2022 | Victor Hugo da Motta Paca, Gonzalo E. Espinoza-Dávalos, Rodrigo da Silva,Raphael Tapajós, Avner Brasileiro dos Santos Gaspar (2022) Remote Sensing Products Validated by Flux Tower Data in Amazon Rain Forest, Remote Sensing, 14(5), 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051259 |
| 2019 | Paca, V. H., Espinoza-Dávalos, G. E., Hessels, T. M., Moreira, D. M., Comair, G. F., Bastiaanssen, W. G. (2019) The Spatial Variability Of Actual Evapotranspiration Across The Amazon River Basin Based On Remote Sensing Products Validated With Flux Towers, Ecological Processes, 8(1), . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0158-8 |
| 2019 | Paca, V. H., Espinoza-Dávalos, G. E., Hessels, T. M., Moreira, D. M., Comair, G. F., Bastiaanssen, W. G. (2019) The Spatial Variability Of Actual Evapotranspiration Across The Amazon River Basin Based On Remote Sensing Products Validated With Flux Towers, Ecological Processes, 8(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0158-8 |
| 2018 | Hayek, M. N., Wehr, R., Longo, M., Hutyra, L. R., Wiedemann, K., Munger, J. W., Bonal, D., Saleska, S. R., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Wofsy, S. C. (2018) A Novel Correction For Biases In Forest Eddy Covariance Carbon Balance, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 250-251, 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.186 |
| 2018 | Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306 |
| 2018 | Hayek, M. N., Longo, M., Wu, J., Smith, M. N., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Tapajós, R., da Silva, R., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Camargo, P. B., Hutyra, L. R., Alves, L. F., Daube, B., Munger, J. W., Wiedemann, K. T., Saleska, S. R., Wofsy, S. C. (2018) Carbon Exchange In An Amazon Forest: From Hours To Years, Biogeosciences, 15(15), 4833-4848. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4833-2018 |
| 2005 | Gu, L., Falge, E. M., Boden, T., Baldocchi, D. D., Black, T., Saleska, S. R., Suni, T., Verma, S. B., Vesala, T., Wofsy, S. C., Xu, L. (2005) Objective Threshold Determination For Nighttime Eddy Flux Filtering, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 128(3-4), 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.11.006 |
| 2005 | Wick, B., Veldkamp, E., Mello, W. Z. De, Keller, M., Crill, P. (2005) Nitrous Oxide Fluxes And Nitrogen Cycling Along A Pasture Chronosequence In Central Amazonia, Brazil, Biogeosciences, 2(2), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-175-2005 |
| 2004 | Quesada, C. A., Miranda, A. C., Hodnett, M. G., Santos, A. J., Miranda, H. S., Breyer, L. M. (2004) Seasonal And Depth Variation Of Soil Moisture In A Burned Open Savanna (Campo Sujo) In Central Brazil, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6017 |
| 2004 | Martens, C. S., Shay, T. J., Mendlovitz, H. P., Matross, D. M., Saleska, S. R., Wofsy, S. C., Woodward, W. S., Menton, M. C., De Moura, J. M., Crill, P. M., De Moraes, O. L., Lima, R. L. (2004) Radon Fluxes In Tropical Forest Ecosystems Of Brazilian Amazonia: Night-Time CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange Derived From Radon And Eddy Covariance Methods, Global Change Biology, 10(5), 618-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00764.x |
| 2004 | Riggan, P. J., Tissell, R. G., Lockwood, R. N., Brass, J. A., Pereira, J. A., Miranda, H. S., Miranda, A. C., Campos, T., Higgins, R. (2004) Remote Measurement Of Energy And Carbon Flux From Wildfires In Brazil, Ecological Applications, 14(3), 855-872. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5162 |
| 2004 | Vourlitis, G. L., Priante Filho, N., Hayashi, M. M., Nogueira, J. d., Raiter, F., Hoegel, W., Campelo, Jr, J. H. (2004) Effects Of Meteorological Variations On The CO2 Exchange Of A Brazilian Transitional Tropical Forest, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6005 |
| 2004 | Kruijt, B., Elbers, J. A., von Randow, C., Araújo, A. C., Oliveira, P. J., Culf, A., Manzi, A. O., Nobre, A. D., Kabat, P., Moors, E. J. (2004) The Robustness Of Eddy Correlation Fluxes For Amazon Rain Forest Conditions, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-6004 |
| 2004 | Rice, A. H., Pyle, E. H., Saleska, S. R., Hutyra, L., Palace, M., Keller, M., de Camargo, P. B., Portilho, K., Marques, D. F., Wofsy, S. C. (2004) Carbon Balance And Vegetation Dynamics In An Old-Growth Amazonian Forest, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-6006 |
| 2004 | Baker, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Malhi, Y., Almeida, S., Arroyo, L., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, S. G., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Patino, S., Pitman, N. C., M. Silva, J. N., Vasquez Martinez, R. (2004) Variation In Wood Density Determines Spatial Patterns Inamazonian Forest Biomass, Global Change Biology, 10(5), 545-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00751.x |
| 2004 | Keller, M., Alencar, A., Asner, G. P., Braswell, B., Bustamante, M., Davidson, E., Feldpausch, T., Fernandes, E., Goulden, M., Kabat, P., Kruijt, B., Luizão, F., Miller, S., Markewitz, D., Nobre, A. D., Nobre, C. A., Priante Filho, N., da Rocha, H., Silva Dias, P., von Randow, C., Vourlitis, G. L. (2004) Ecological Research In The Large-Scale Biosphere– Atmosphere Experiment In Amazonia: Early Results, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-6003 |
| 2004 | Chambers, J. Q., Tribuzy, E. S., Toledo, L. C., Crispim, B. F., Higuchi, N., Santos, J. d., Araújo, A. C., Kruijt, B., Nobre, A. D., Trumbore, S. E. (2004) Respiration From A Tropical Forest Ecosystem: Partitioning Of Sources And Low Carbon Use Efficiency, Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 72-88. https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6012 |
| 2003 | Saleska, S. R., Miller, S. D., Matross, D. M., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Rocha, H. R. da, Camargo, P. B. de, Crill, P., Daube, B. C., Freitas, H. C. de, Hutyra, L., Keller, M., Kirchhoff, V., Menton, M., Munger, J. W., Pyle, E. H., Rice, A. H., Silva, H. (2003) Carbon In Amazon Forests: Unexpected Seasonal Fluxes And Disturbance-Induced Losses, Science, 302(5650), 1554-1557. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091165 |
BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
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BADM for This Site
Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.
BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.
- Download BADM for this site*
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BR-Sa1: Santarem-Km67-Primary Forest
- Overview
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- MODIS
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Wind Roses
Wind Speed (m/s)
Navigation
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