US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-Wi1 data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Wi1 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246015
Citation: Jiquan Chen (2020), AmeriFlux BASE US-Wi1 Intermediate hardwood (IHW), Ver. 3-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246015
AmeriFlux FLUXNET: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229394
Citation: Jiquan Chen (2024), AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-Wi1 Intermediate hardwood (IHW), Ver. 4-6, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/2229394

Find global FLUXNET datasets, like FLUXNET2015 and FLUXNET-CH4, and their citation information at fluxnet.org.

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

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Acknowledgments

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Resources

AmeriFlux Logos & Acknowledgments

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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This page displays the list of downloads of data for the site {{siteId}}.

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US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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MODIS NDVI

The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality

To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.

For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

Citation:

ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567

Read more on how to cite these MODIS products. Data come from NASA’s MODIS instruments installed on satellites Terra and Aqua, which scan the entire Earth’s surface every one to two days.

MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.

For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .

No PhenoCam data for this site

GeoNEX Data Products

Beta: This AmeriFlux GeoNEX Products feature is in beta. If you spot any issues, please help us out by emailing geonex-feedback@lbl.gov with a description and/or screenshot of the issue. Thanks in advance!

GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.

The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.

GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site .

Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.

Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel

Graph controls:

Zoom: click-drag
Pan: shift-click-drag
Restore zoom level: double-click
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

All download requests will be logged.

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

LST: Land Surface Temperature

Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

Citation

This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.

Subset Data Citation:

Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.

Relevant Science Publication Citation:

GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)

Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.

GeoNEX Surface Downward Solar Radiation (DSR):

Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.

GeoNEX Land Surface Temperature (LST):

Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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Search Publications for this Site Publications Found: 5

AmeriFlux Publications

Add Publication

Year	Publication
2021	Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2018	Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
2007	Noormets, A., Chen, J., Crow, T. R. (2007) Age-Dependent Changes In Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes In Managed Forests In Northern Wisconsin, USA, Ecosystems, 10(2), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9018-y
2008	Noormets, A., Desai, A., Cook, B., Euskirchen, E., Ricciuto, D., Davis, K., Bolstad, P., Schmid, H., Vogel, C., Carey, E., Su, H., Chen, J. (2008) Moisture Sensitivity Of Ecosystem Respiration: Comparison Of 14 Forest Ecosystems In The Upper Great Lakes Region, USA, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 148(2), 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002
2008	Desai, A. R., Noormets, A., Bolstad, P. V., Chen, J., Cook, B. D., Davis, K. J., Euskirchen, E. S., Gough, C., Martin, J. G., Ricciuto, D. M., Schmid, H. P., Tang, J., Wang, W. (2008) Influence Of Vegetation And Seasonal Forcing On Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Across The Upper Midwest, Usa: Implications For Regional Scaling, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 148(2), 288-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.001

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

Download BADM for this site^*

View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)^*

Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship

Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)

More BADM resources

^* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

Overview
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Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.

Image scale: 696m x 696m

Data Collected:

Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

Wind Speed (m/s)

Graph Type

Wind Speed Scale

Wind Direction Scale (%)

Show Satellite Image

Show Wind Rose

Annual Average

About Ameriflux Wind Roses

Wind Rose Explanation

A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles

Utility

This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.

Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.

Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.

Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.

Where do these data come from?

The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.

Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses

To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site

To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux

Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm

Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am

Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm

Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am

Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm

Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am

Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm

Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am

Tower_team:
PI:	Jiquan Chen jqchen@msu.edu - Michigan State University
Lat, Long:	46.7305, -91.2329
Elevation(m):	352
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux
Vegetation IGBP:	DBF (Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.)
Climate Koeppen:	Dfb (Warm Summer Continental: significant precipitation in all seasons )
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	—
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	—
Flux Species Measured:	CO2
Years Data Collected:	2003 - 2003
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 2003 Data Citation AmeriFlux FLUXNET 2003 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy¹
Description:	The Wisconsin Intermediate Hardwoods site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous ... The Wisconsin Intermediate Hardwoods site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. The intermediate hardwoods site is one of ten sites that collectively represent the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. In 2001, northern hardwood stands of all ages occupied 45% of the region. See More Show Less
URL:	http://research.eeescience.utoledo.edu/lees/research/carbon/
Research Topics:	The research and science objectives of the Wisconsin Intermediate Hardwoods are as follows: 1) Enhance our understanding of landscape-level carbon exchange ... The research and science objectives of the Wisconsin Intermediate Hardwoods are as follows: 1) Enhance our understanding of landscape-level carbon exchange in disturbed land mosaics, taking into specific consideration age structure and the area-of- edge-influences (AEI); 2) Determine how the cumulative NEP of a landscape is determined by the land mosaic; that is, the various ages and types of ecosystems present, as well as their arrangement; 3) Investigate the temporal and spatial changes in landscape structure and vegetative composition across a landscape managed for multiple uses within the Chequamegon National Forest in northern Wisconsin; 4) Quantify the developmental changes in Carbon fluxes following stand replacing disturbances; 5) Investigate the common factors that might explain the observed variability among the closely spaced, but diverse, forest ecosystems that represent a disturbed, actively managed and climatically homogeneous forest landscape; 6) Quantify the role of soil moisture in affecting ecosystem respiration; 7) Identify landscape-level patterns in the temperature and moisture response of ecosystem respiration as determined by forest functional type and stage of development. (Project Overview by Primary Investigators: J. Chen and K. Brosofske; Bresee et al., 2004; Noormets et al., 2007; Noormets et al., 2008) See More Show Less
Acknowledgment:	—

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

DOI(s) for citing US-Wi1 data

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

Acknowledgments

Resources

US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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US-Wi1: Intermediate hardwood (IHW)

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