US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-Dk1 data

Data Use Policy: AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 License

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.
The AmeriFlux Legacy Policy must be followed if US-Dk1 data are combined with data from sites that require the AmeriFlux Legacy Policy.

AmeriFlux BASE: https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246046
Citation: Chris Oishi, Kim Novick, Paul Stoy (2018), AmeriFlux BASE US-Dk1 Duke Forest-open field, Ver. 4-5, AmeriFlux AMP, (Dataset). https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246046

To cite BADM when downloaded on their own, use the publications below for citing site characterization. When using BADM that are downloaded with AmeriFlux BASE and AmeriFlux FLUXNET products, use the DOI citation for the associated data product.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

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Acknowledgments

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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MODIS NDVI

The time series shows the 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average from the MOD13Q1 data product.
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

Includes all pixels that have acceptable quality

To view / download these data and other MOD13Q1 products for this site, visit MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices.

For other related products, visit MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

Citation:

ORNL DAAC. 2018. Terrestrial Ecology Subsetting & Visualization Services (TESViS) Fixed Sites Subsets. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1567

Read more on how to cite these MODIS products. Data come from NASA’s MODIS instruments installed on satellites Terra and Aqua, which scan the entire Earth’s surface every one to two days.

MODIS NDVI subsetted data is not yet available for this site.

For a complete list of AmeriFlux sites, visit ORNL DAAC's MODIS/VIIRS Fixed Sites Subsets Tool.

PhenoCam Images and Derived Time Series Data

PhenoCams are high-resolution digital cameras that take repeated images of studied ecosystems and provide quantitative information about the canopy phenology. The PhenoCam Network coordinates the camera installation and data reporting/analyses across sites in the Americas, providing automated, near-surface remote sensing of canopy phenology across a range of ecosystems and climate zones. Use of PhenoCam images / data should follow the PhenoCam Data Use Policy .

No PhenoCam data for this site

GeoNEX Data Products

Beta: This AmeriFlux GeoNEX Products feature is in beta. If you spot any issues, please help us out by emailing geonex-feedback@lbl.gov with a description and/or screenshot of the issue. Thanks in advance!

GeoNEX led by NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) is a collaborative effort for generating Earth monitoring products from the new generation of geostationary satellite sensors. GeoNEX has produced a suite of geostationary data products including surface reflectance, land surface temperature, surface solar radiation, and many others.

The GeoNEX Common Grid locates GeoNEX data in the geographic (latitude/longitude) projection. Pixels (grid cells) are created at regular 0.005°, 0.01°, and 0.02° resolutions.

GeoNEX pixels below cover the area 0.06° x 0.06° around and including site .

Click a square in the grid at left to display its data below.

Coordinates for selected GeoNEX Pixel

Graph controls:

Zoom: click-drag
Pan: shift-click-drag
Restore zoom level: double-click
Use the slider below the time series to zoom in and out.

All download requests will be logged.

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

NIRv Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & 10 minutes

Coordinates for pixel:

DSR: Surface downward shortwave radiation

Resolution: 0.01° x 0.01° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

LST: Land Surface Temperature

Resolution: 0.02° x 0.02° & Hourly

Coordinates for pixel:

Citation

This material can be used without obtaining permission from NASA. NASA should be acknowledged as the source of this material.

Subset Data Citation:

Hashimoto, H., Wang, W., Park, T., Khajehei, S., Ichii, K., Michaelis, A.R., Guzman, A., Nemani, R.R., Torn, M., Yi, K., Brosnan, I.G. (in preparation). Subsets of geostationary satellite data over international observing network sites for studying the diurnal dynamics of energy, carbon, and water cycles.

Relevant Science Publication Citation:

GeoNEX Surface Reflectance for Vegetation Indices (NDVI & NIRv)

Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., & Nemani, R. (2022). A novel atmospheric correction algorithm to exploit the diurnal variability in hypertemporal geostationary observations. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 964.

GeoNEX Surface Downward Solar Radiation (DSR):

Li, R., Wang, D., Wang, W., & Nemani, R. (2023). A GeoNEX-based high-spatiotemporal-resolution product of land surface downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Earth System Science Data, 15(3), 1419-1436.

GeoNEX Land Surface Temperature (LST):

Jia, A., Liang, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Generating a 2-km, all-sky, hourly land surface temperature product from Advanced Baseline Imager data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 278, 113105.

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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Search Publications for this Site Publications Found: 7

AmeriFlux Publications

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Year	Publication
2020	Zhang, Q., Barnes, M., Benson, M., Burakowski, E., Oishi, A. C., Ouimette, A., Sanders‐DeMott, R., Stoy, P. C., Wenzel, M., Xiong, L., Yi, K., Novick, K. A. (2020) Reforestation And Surface Cooling In Temperate Zones: Mechanisms And Implications, Global Change Biology, 26(6), 3384-3401. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15069
2021	Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302, 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350
2016	Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3114
2004	Ellsworth, D. S., Reich, P. B., Naumburg, E. S., Koch, G. W., Kubiske, M. E., Smith, S. D. (2004) Photosynthesis, Carboxylation And Leaf Nitrogen Responses Of 16 Species To Elevated pCO2 Across Four Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Experiments In Forest, Grassland And Desert, Global Change Biology, 10(12), 2121-2138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00867.x
2003	Katul, G., Leuning, R., Oren, R. (2003) Relationship Between Plant Hydraulic And Biochemical Properties Derived From A Steady-State Coupled Water And Carbon Transport Model, Plant, Cell And Environment, 26(3), 339-350. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00965.x
2006	Oren, R., Hsieh, C., Stoy, P., Albertson, J., Mccarthy, H. R., Harrell, P., Katul, G. G. (2006) Estimating The Uncertainty In Annual Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange: Spatial Variation In Turbulent Fluxes And Sampling Errors In Eddy-Covariance Measurements, Global Change Biology, 12(5), 883-896. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x
2004	Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., Gower, S. T. (2004) A Global Relationship Between The Heterotrophic And Autotrophic Components Of Soil Respiration?, Global Change Biology, 10(10), 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00816.x

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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BADM for This Site

Access the Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) information and data for this site.

BADM contain information for many uses, such as characterizing a site’s vegetation and soil, describing disturbance history, and defining instrumentation for flux processing. They complement the flux/met data.

Download BADM for this site^*

View Site General Info for this site (Overview tab)^*

Use Online Editor to update Site General Info or DOI Authorship

Update information about submitted data (Variable Information tool)

More BADM resources

^* Online updates are shown on the Overview tab real time. However, downloaded BADM files will not reflect those updates until they have been reviewed for QA/QC.

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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Wind Roses

Click an image below to enlarge it, or use the navigation panel.

Image scale: 821m x 821m

Data Collected:

Wind roses use variables ‘WS’ and ‘WD’.
Download Data Download Wind Rose as Image File (PNG)

Wind Speed (m/s)

Graph Type

Wind Speed Scale

Wind Direction Scale (%)

Show Satellite Image

Show Wind Rose

Annual Average

About Ameriflux Wind Roses

Wind Rose Explanation

A wind rose gives a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, a wind rose shows the frequency and intensity of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each “spoke” around the circle indicates the amount of time (frequency) that the wind blows from a particular direction. Colors along the spokes indicate categories of wind speed (intensity). Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles

Utility

This information can be useful to gain insight into regions surrounding a flux tower that contribute to the measured fluxes, and how those regions change in dependence of the time of day and season. The wind roses presented here are for four periods of the year, and in 16 cardinal directions. Graphics are available for all sites in the AmeriFlux network based on reported wind measurements at each site.

Data from each site can be downloaded by clicking the ‘download’ button.

Hover the cursor over a wind rose to obtain directions, speeds and intensities.

Note that wind roses are not equivalent to flux footprints. Specifically, the term flux footprint describes an upwind area “seen” by the instruments measuring vertical turbulent fluxes, such that heat, water, gas and momentum transport generated in this area is registered by the instruments. Wind roses, on the other hand, identify only the direction and speed of wind.

Where do these data come from?

The wind roses are based on observed hourly data from the sites registered with the AmeriFlux Network.

Parameters for AmeriFlux Wind Roses

To use wind roses for a single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Per Site
Wind Direction Scale (%): Per Site

To compare wind roses from more than one single AmeriFlux site, the following parameters may be most useful:

Wind Speed Scale: Non-Linear
Wind Direction Scale (%): AmeriFlux

Mar - Jun; 6am - 6pm

Mar - Jun; 6pm - 6am

Jun - Sep; 6am - 6pm

Jun - Sep; 6pm - 6am

Sep - Dec; 6am - 6pm

Sep - Dec; 6pm - 6am

Dec - Mar; 6am - 6pm

Dec - Mar; 6pm - 6am

Tower_team:
PI:	A. Christopher Oishi andrew.c.oishi@usda.gov - USDA Forest Service
PI:	Kim Novick knovick@indiana.edu - Indiana University
PI:	Paul Stoy paul.stoy@montana.edu - Montana State University
Lat, Long:	35.9712, -79.0934
Elevation(m):	168
Network Affiliations:	AmeriFlux
Vegetation IGBP:	GRA (Grasslands: Lands with herbaceous types of cover. Tree and shrub cover is less than 10%. Permanent wetlands lands with a permanent mixture of water and herbaceous or woody vegetation. The vegetation can be present in either salt, brackish, or fresh water.)
Climate Koeppen:	Cfa (Humid Subtropical: mild with no dry season, hot summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C):	14.36
Mean Annual Precip. (mm):	1169.75
Flux Species Measured:	CO2
Years Data Collected:	2001 - 2008
Years Data Available:	AmeriFlux BASE 2001 - 2008 Data Citation
Data Use Policy:	AmeriFlux CC-BY-4.0 Policy¹
Description:	The Duke Forest grass field is approximately 480×305 m, dominated by the C3 grass Festuca arundinacea Shreb. (tall fescue) includes minor components of ... The Duke Forest grass field is approximately 480×305 m, dominated by the C3 grass Festuca arundinacea Shreb. (tall fescue) includes minor components of C3 herbs and the C4 grass Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, not considered here. The site was burned in 1979 and is mowed annually during the summer for hay according to local practices. Lai, C.T. and G.G. Katul, 2000, "The dynamic role of root-water uptake in coupling potential to actual transpiration" , Advances in Water Resources, 23, 427-439; Novick , K.A., P. C. Stoy, G. G. Katul, D. S. Ellsworth, M. B. S. Siqueira, J. Juang, R. Oren, 2004, Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in a warm temperate grassland, Oecologia, 138, 259-274; Stoy PC, Katul GG, Siqueira MBS, Juang J-Y, McCarthy HR, Oishi AC, Uebelherr JM, Kim H-S, Oren R (2006). Separating the effects of climate and vegetation on evapotranspiration along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern U.S. Global Change Biology 12:2115-2135 See More Show Less
URL:	http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/other/AMERIFLUX/amerflux.html
Research Topics:	The research and science objectives of the Duke Forest Open Field site are as follows: 1) Examine ecological roles of vegetation and climate in controlling ... The research and science objectives of the Duke Forest Open Field site are as follows: 1) Examine ecological roles of vegetation and climate in controlling long-term carbon exchange; 2) Determine the contribution of vegetation from that of climate and soils on controlling ET at three adjacent SE Piedmont ecosystems, namely the three Duke Forest Sites, US-Dk1, US-Dk2, and US-Dk3; 3) Assess the magnitude and direction of NEE and its components, carbon assimilation and respiration, in a southeastern United States warm-temperate grassland ecosystem, and to assess NEE and ET responses to episodic droughts and harvests. (Stoy et al., 2008, Stoy et al., 2006, Novick et al., 2004) See More Show Less
Acknowledgment:	—

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

DOI(s) for citing US-Dk1 data

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

Acknowledgments

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

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US-Dk1: Duke Forest-open field

Wind Roses

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