Tree water use is the dominant terrestrial hydrologic flux globally, and has a dominant regulatory influence over the carbon cycle. Sap flow through the tree is also a useful model diagnostic for FATES-Hydro. Our objective is to quantify variation in tree water use at three sites across a rainfall gradient in Panama. Our ultimate goals are to understand the hydraulic regulation of water use and carbon uptake as a function of climate and plant traits, and to aid in improved modeling of tropical forest function.