The Collection 5.1 MCD12Q1 dataset contains vegetation-type information for each year from 2001 to 2010 at an ~500-m pixel resolution. The MODIS land cover type (MLCT) classification algorithm uses a supervised decision-tree algorithm (Quinlan 1993), which is distribution independent and contains robust procedures for handling missing data.
https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/53/6/jamc-d-13-0270.1.xml